Unemployment: Causes, Types and Policies | 失业的成因、类型与政策

📚 Unemployment: Causes, Types and Policies | 失业的成因、类型与政策

Unemployment represents one of the most closely watched indicators of macroeconomic performance. It signals not only the health of an economy but also affects individual livelihoods, social cohesion and government policy. In A-Level Economics, students explore how unemployment is defined and measured, why it arises in different forms, the costs it imposes, and how governments might craft policies to bring it down. This article unpacks these dimensions in detail.

失业是宏观经济表现中最受关注的指标之一。它不仅反映经济的健康状况，还影响个人生计、社会凝聚力和政府政策。在A-Level经济学中，学生探讨失业的定义和衡量方式、不同形式的失业如何产生、失业带来的代价以及政府如何制定政策来降低失业。本文将详细解析这些方面。

1. Defining Unemployment | 定义失业

Unemployment refers to a situation where people who are part of the labour force, willing and able to work, and actively seeking employment, cannot find a job. The internationally agreed standard, used by the International Labour Organization (ILO), defines the unemployed as those who are not in employment but have looked for work in the past four weeks and are available to start within two weeks. The unemployment rate is expressed as:

失业是指属于劳动力、愿意且能够工作、积极寻找就业机会的人找不到工作的情况。国际劳工组织（ILO）采用国际公认的标准，将失业者定义为在过去四周内寻找过工作、能在两周内开始工作但目前没有就业的人。失业率表示为：

Unemployment rate = (Number unemployed ÷ Labour force) × 100%

失业率 = (失业人数 ÷ 劳动力总数) × 100%

The labour force is the sum of employed and unemployed individuals. Those who are not in the labour

Published by TutorHao | A-Level Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）