📚 IGCSE Chemistry Subject Content | IGCSE 化学学科内容概览
This guide outlines the main IGCSE Chemistry subject content, linking key concepts to common exam tasks. It is designed for revision and a quick check of the syllabus core.
本指南概述 IGCSE 化学学科主要内容，将关键概念与常见考题联系起来，适合复习和快速检查大纲核心。
1. States of Matter | 物质状态
The kinetic particle model explains solids, liquids and gases. Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, sublimation and diffusion all depend on particle motion and spacing.
动理粒子模型解释固态、液态和气态。熔化、沸腾、冷凝、凝固、升华和扩散都取决于粒子的运动与间距。
Heating a solid gives particles more kinetic energy until they overcome the attractive forces. Diffusion is faster in gases than liquids because there is more space for particles to travel.
加热固体使粒子获得更多动能，直到克服吸引力。气体中的扩散比液体中快，因为粒子有更多运动空间。
- Solid: fixed shape and volume; particles vibrate in fixed positions. | 固态：形状和体积固定；粒子在固定位置振动。
- Liquid: fixed volume but takes the shape of the container; particles slide past one another. | 液态：体积固定但形状随容器；粒子相互滑动。
- Gas: no fixed shape or volume; particles move rapidly and are widely spaced. | 气态：无固定形状或体积；粒子快速运动且间距很大。
2. Atomic Structure | 原子结构
Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons. The atomic number is the proton number; the mass number is protons plus neutrons. Isotopes have the same proton number but different neutron numbers.
原子含质子、中子和电子。原子序数是质子数；质量数是质子数加中子数。同位素质子数相同但中子数不同。
Electrons occupy shells: 2, 8, 8 for the first three shells. Chemical behaviour depends on outer-shell electrons.
电子排布：前三个电子层可容纳 2、8、8 个电子。化学性质取决于最外层电子。
- Proton: relative mass 1, charge +1. | 质子：相对质量 1，电荷 +1。
- Neutron: relative mass 1, charge 0. | 中子：相对质量 1，电荷 0。
- Electron: relative mass 1/1836, charge -1. | 电子：相对质量 1/1836，电荷 -1。
3. Periodic Table | 元素
Published by TutorHao | IGCSE Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导