📚 KS3 CIE Sound Wordsearch | KS3 CIE 声音单词搜索
Sound is one of the most familiar forms of energy in everyday life, yet many students find its wave behaviour tricky. This KS3 CIE revision article breaks down the key ideas behind sound waves, pitch, loudness, hearing and echoes. Each section includes a short bilingual explanation, and the final section provides a wordsearch challenge to help you lock in essential vocabulary.
声音是日常生活中最常见的能量形式之一，但许多学生觉得它的波动行为很难理解。这篇 KS3 CIE 复习文章分解了声音波、音调、响度、听觉和回声背后的关键概念。每一节都配有简短的中英双语讲解，最后一节还提供单词搜索挑战，帮助你牢记重要词汇。
1. What is Sound? | 声音是什么？
Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects. When a guitar string, drum skin or vocal cord vibrates, it pushes nearby air particles backwards and forwards, creating a disturbance that moves away from the source.
声音是由物体振动产生的一种能量形式。当吉他弦、鼓面或声带振动时，会推动附近的空气粒子来回运动，形成从声源向外传播的扰动。
These vibrations travel through a medium as a wave. Sound waves are longitudinal waves, meaning the particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels.
这些振动以波的形式通过介质传播。声波是纵波，意思是粒子振动的方向与波传播的方向相同。
A simple demonstration is to touch a vibrating tuning fork to the surface of water. The water splashes, showing that the source is vibrating even when the vibration is too small to see.
一个简单的演示是把振动的音叉接触水面。水会溅起，表明声源在振动，即使振动小到肉眼看不见。
2. How Sound Travels | 声音如何传播
Sound travels when vibrating particles pass energy to neighbouring particles. In gases, the particles are far apart, so the wave moves by a series of compressions and rarefactions.
声音的传播依靠振动的粒子把能量传递给相邻粒子。在气体中，粒子相距较远，所以波通过一系列的压缩和稀疏区域向前传播。
Compressions are regions where particles are pushed together; rarefactions are regions where particles are spread apart. A sound wave is a repeating pattern of these two regions.
压缩是粒子被推挤到一起的区域；稀疏是粒子被拉开分散的区域。声波就是这两种区域不断重复的模式。
Because sound is a longitudinal wave, it cannot be polarised. This is an important difference from transverse waves such as light waves.
因为声波是纵波，所以它不能被偏振。这是它与光波等横波的一个重要区别。
3. Sound Needs a Medium | 声音需要介质
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no particles to carry the vibrations. This is why we cannot hear explosions in outer space, even though light from the explosion can reach us.
声音不能在真空中传播，因为真空中没有粒子来传递振动。这就是为什么我们在外太空听不到爆炸声，尽管爆炸产生的光可以到达我们。
Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases. It generally travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids and slowest in gases because particle spacing affects how quickly energy is transferred.
声音可以在固体、液体和气体中传播。它通常在固体中传播最快，在液体中较慢，在气体中最慢，因为粒子间距会影响能量传递的速度。
The classic bell jar experiment shows that when air is pumped out of a glass jar, the ringing bell becomes quieter. Once the air is removed, the bell cannot be heard at all.
经典的钟罩实验表明，当空气从玻璃罩中抽出时，铃声会变轻。空气完全抽走后，就完全听不到铃声了。
4. Speed of Sound | 声音的速度
In air at room temperature, sound travels at roughly 330 to 340 metres per second (m/s). This is much slower than light, which travels at about 300,000,000 m/s.
在室温空气中，声音的传播速度大约为每秒 330 到 340 米。这比光速慢得多，光速约为每秒 3 亿米。
Because sound is slower than light, you see lightning before you hear thunder. The greater the distance, the longer the delay between the flash and the rumble.
因为声音比光慢，你会先看到闪电，后听到雷声。距离越远，闪光和雷声之间的间隔越长。
The speed of sound increases in warmer air and in denser materials. For example, sound travels about four times faster in water than in air, and even faster in steel.
声速在较暖的空气和较密的材料中会增加。例如，声音在水中的传播速度大约是空气中的四倍，在钢中传播更快。
5. Frequency and Wavelength | 频率与波长
Frequency is the number of complete vibrations per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz means one complete wave passes a point every second.
频率是每秒完整振动的次数。它的单位是赫兹（Hz），1 Hz 表示每秒有一个完整的波通过某一点。
Wavelength is the distance between two matching points on a wave, such as the distance from one compression to the next compression.
波长是波上两个对应点之间的距离，例如从一个压缩区到下一个压缩区之间的距离。
Wave speed, frequency and wavelength are linked by the equation shown below. If frequency increases while wave speed stays the same, the wavelength must decrease.
波速、频率和波长之间的关系如下方公式所示。如果波速不变，频率增加时波长必定减小。
v = f × λ
In this equation, v is wave speed in metres per second, f is frequency in hertz and λ is wavelength in metres.
在这个公式中，v 是以米每秒为单位的波速，f 是以赫兹为单位的频率，λ 是以米为单位的波长。
6. Pitch and Loudness | 音调与响度
Pitch is how high or low a sound seems to a listener. It depends on the frequency of the sound wave. A high-frequency sound has a high pitch, while a low-frequency sound has a low pitch.
音调是听者感觉到的声音高低。它取决于声波的频率。高频声音音调高，低频声音音调低。
Loudness describes how strong or weak a sound appears. It depends mainly on the amplitude of the wave, which is the maximum distance a particle moves from its rest position.
响度描述声音听起来有多强或多弱。它主要取决于波的振幅，振幅是粒子离开平衡位置的最大距离。
A larger amplitude transfers more energy, producing a louder sound. Loudness is often measured in decibels (dB). Sounds above about 85 dB can damage hearing with long exposure.
振幅越大，传递的能量越多，产生的声音越响。响度通常用分贝（dB）来测量。长时间暴露在约 85 分贝以上的声音中会损害听力。
7. The Human Ear | 人耳的结构
The ear converts sound waves into electrical signals that the brain interprets. Sound travels into the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate.
耳朵把声波转换成大脑可以理解的电信号。声音传入耳道，使鼓膜振动。
These vibrations are passed through small bones called ossicles to the cochlea. The cochlea converts the vibrations into nerve impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain.
这些振动通过称为听小骨的小骨头传到耳蜗。耳蜗把振动转换成神经冲动，沿着听神经传到大脑。
Damage to the eardrum, ossicles or cochlea can cause hearing loss. Listening to very loud music with earphones is a common risk for young people, so headphones should be kept at safe volumes.
鼓膜、听小骨或耳蜗受损会导致听力下降。用耳机听非常响的音乐是年轻人常见的风险，因此耳机音量应保持在安全水平。
8. Ultrasound and Infrasound | 超声波与次声波
Humans can normally hear frequencies from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Sounds above this range are called ultrasound; sounds below it are called infrasound.
人类通常能听到大约 20 赫兹到 20,000 赫兹（20 千赫兹）的频率。高于这个范围的声音称为超声波，低于这个范围的声音称为次声波。
Ultrasound is used in medical scanning, industrial cleaning and sonar. It is useful because it can travel through soft tissue and reflect from boundaries inside the body.
超声波用于医学扫描、工业清洗和声呐。它很有用，因为它能穿过软组织，并在体内的边界处发生反射。
Some animals, such as bats and dolphins, use ultrasound for echolocation. Elephants may use infrasound to communicate over long distances.
有些动物，如蝙蝠和海豚，利用超声波进行回声定位。大象可能利用次声波进行远距离交流。
9. Echoes and Reflection | 回声与反射
When sound waves hit a hard, flat surface, they reflect. A reflected sound that arrives more than about 0.1 seconds after the original sound is heard as an echo.
当声波遇到坚硬、平坦的表面时会发生反射。反射声比原声晚约 0.1 秒以上到达时，我们就会听到回声。
Echoes are used by sonar systems to measure ocean depth. The time taken for the sound pulse to return is used with the speed of sound to calculate distance.
声呐系统利用回声测量海洋深度。声音脉冲返回所需的时间与声速一起用来计算距离。
Soft materials, such as foam and carpet, absorb sound waves and reduce echoes. This is why music studios often have padded walls and thick curtains.
泡沫和地毯等柔软材料会吸收声波并减少回声。这就是音乐工作室经常使用软垫墙壁和厚窗帘的原因。
10. Sound Wordsearch Challenge | 声音单词搜索挑战
Use the keywords below to build your own wordsearch grid or ask a partner to find them. First, read each definition carefully and match it to the correct term, then hide the words horizontally, vertically or diagonally in a 12 × 12 grid.
使用下面的关键词制作你自己的单词搜索网格，或请同伴找出这些词。首先，仔细阅读每个定义并将其与正确的术语匹配，然后在 12 × 12 的网格中水平、垂直或对角线隐藏这些单词。
Essential sound vocabulary for KS3 CIE:
KS3 CIE 声音核心词汇：
| English Term | 中文术语 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Vibration | 振动 | A rapid back-and-forth movement that produces sound. |
| Longitudinal wave | 纵波 | A wave in which particles vibrate in the same direction as wave travel. |
| Compression | 压缩 | A region where particles are pressed together. |
| Rarefaction | Published by TutorHao | KS3 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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