IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Grammar Formulas and Rules Quick Reference | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语语法公式定理速查手册

📚 IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Grammar Formulas and Rules Quick Reference | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语语法公式定理速查手册

This guide turns the core grammar of the WJEC IGCSE Spanish specification into quick formulas and rules. Revise these patterns before your reading, writing, listening and speaking papers to improve accuracy and confidence.

本指南将 WJEC IGCSE 西班牙语考试大纲中的核心语法整理成快速公式与规则。在阅读、写作、听力和口语考试前复习这些模式,有助于提高准确性和信心。

1. Present Tense Regular Verbs | 现在时规则动词

For regular verbs, remove the infinitive ending and add the present endings. The formula is stem + ending.

规则动词的现在时构成是去掉不定式词尾,再加上现在时词尾。公式为词干 + 词尾。

-ar -er -ir
-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en

Example: hablar → hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan.

例如:hablar → hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan。

Remember that stem-changing verbs change the stressed vowel, but the endings remain the same.

注意词干变化动词只改变重读元音,词尾保持不变。

For WJEC writing, keep the subject clear because Spanish often omits pronouns.

在 WJEC 写作中,西班牙语常省略主语代词,因此要确保人称通过词尾清晰体现。


2. Key Irregular Present Verbs | 高频现在时不规则动词

Learn these high-frequency irregular forms as fixed formulas because they control many common sentences.

以下高频不规则变化要作为固定公式记忆,因为它们在许多常用句子中起关键作用。

ser soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
estar estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
ir voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
tener tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen
hacer hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen
poder puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden
querer quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren
decir digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen
venir vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen

Because these verbs appear constantly in reading and listening, recognising them instantly saves time in the exam.

由于这些动词在阅读和听力中频繁出现,快速识别它们能为考试节省时间。


3. Ser vs Estar | ser 与 estar 的区分规则

Use ser for permanent identity, origin, time and characteristics. Formula: ser + noun or adjective of identity.

ser 用于表示永久身份、来源、时间和特征。公式为 ser + 表示身份的名词或形容词。

Use estar for temporary states, location and ongoing actions. Formula: estar + adjective of state or place.

estar 用于表示暂时状态、位置和正在进行的动作。公式为 estar + 表示状态或地点的形容词。

Watch adjectives that change meaning: listo can mean clever with ser or ready with estar; aburrido can mean boring with ser or bored with estar.

注意会因 ser/estar 而改变含义的形容词:listo 与 ser 连用表示聪明,与 estar 连用表示准备好了;aburrido 与 ser 连用表示无聊的,与 estar 连用表示感到无聊。

In WJEC reading, the choice of ser or estar often signals whether a description is permanent or temporary.

在 WJEC 阅读中,选择 ser 还是 estar 通常提示描述是永久还是暂时的。


4. Preterite vs Imperfect | 简单过去时与未完成过去时

The preterite formula for regular verbs: stem + preterite ending. For -ar, use -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron; for -er/-ir, use -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron.

简单过去时规则动词的公式为词干 + 过去时词尾。-ar 动词用 -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron;-er/-ir 动词用 -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron。

The imperfect formula: stem + -aba or -ía endings. For -ar verbs use -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban; for -er/-ir verbs use -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.

未完成过去时的公式为词干 + -aba 或 -ía 系列词尾。-ar 动词用 -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban;-er/-ir 动词用 -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían。

Use preterite for completed actions with a clear time marker, such as ayer or el año pasado.

简单过去时用于有明确时间标志的已完成动作,如 ayer 或 el año pasado。

Use imperfect for descriptions, repeated actions, ongoing background, time, age and weather.

未完成过去时用于描写、重复动作、持续背景以及时间、年龄和天气。

Formula for combining: imperfect for background + preterite for the interrupting event.

组合公式为未完成过去时描写背景,加上简单过去时表达打断事件。


5. Future and Conditional Formulas | 将来时与条件式公式

The future tense is formed by adding endings directly to the full infinitive. Formula: infinitive + -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.

将来时是直接在完整动词不定式后加词尾。公式为动词不定式 + -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án。

Example: comer → comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comeréis, comerán.

例如:comer → comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comeréis, comerán。

The conditional uses the same stem plus -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.

条件式使用相同词干加 -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían。

Use the conditional for polite requests and hypothetical situations: Me gustaría, ¿Podría…?

条件式用于礼貌请求和假设情况:Me gustaría、¿Podría…?

Common irregular

Published by TutorHao | IGCSE 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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