📚 IGCSE CAIE Spanish: Rapid Vocabulary & Terminology Guide | IGCSE CAIE 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南
This guide provides a focused collection of essential Spanish vocabulary and exam terminology for the CAIE IGCSE Spanish syllabus. It is designed to help you memorise key words quickly and use them accurately in reading, writing, speaking and listening tasks.
本指南为 CAIE IGCSE 西班牙语课程精选了必备词汇与考试术语，帮助你在阅读、写作、口语和听力任务中快速记忆并准确运用关键词。
1. High-Frequency Regular Verbs | 高频规则动词
Master the most common -AR, -ER and -IR verbs. These appear constantly in all four skills. Pay attention to infinitive endings and their meanings.
掌握最常用的 -AR、-ER 和 -IR 动词。它们在四项技能中反复出现。注意动词原形词尾及其含义。
- hablar – to speak / 说话
- comer – to eat / 吃
- vivir – to live / 居住
- estudiar – to study / 学习
- escribir – to write / 写
- comprender – to understand / 理解
Remember the present tense endings: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an for -AR verbs; -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en for -ER/-IR verbs.
记住现在时词尾：-AR 动词为 -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an；-ER/-IR 动词为 -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en。
2. Irregular Verbs You Cannot Avoid | 必须掌握的的不规则动词
These irregular verbs are non-negotiable for IGCSE. Learn their present tense forms by heart, especially the first person singular.
这些不规则动词是 IGCSE 的必考内容。请牢记它们的现在时变位，尤其第一人称单数形式。
- ser – soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son (to be, permanent / 永久性质)
- estar – estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están (to be, temporary / 暂时状态)
- tener – tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen (to have / 有)
- hacer – hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen (to do/make / 做)
- ir – voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van (to go / 去)
Use ser for identity, origin and time; use estar for location, mood and temporary conditions.
ser 用于身份、国籍和时间；estar 用于地点、情绪和暂时状态。
3. Time Expressions and Frequency Adverbs | 时间表达与频率副词
Time phrases are essential for answering “¿Cuándo?” questions and for narrating events. Learn them in groups.
时间短语是回答“¿Cuándo?”（什么时候）以及叙述事件的关键。请分组记忆。
| Spanish | English | 中文 |
| hoy | today | 今天 |
| ayer | yesterday | 昨天 |
| mañana | tomorrow / morning | 明天 / 早上 |
| siempre | always | 总是 |
| nunca | never | 从不 |
| a menudo | often | 经常 |
Use desde hace + time + present tense to express “for” a duration (e.g. Vivo aquí desde hace dos años).
用 desde hace + 时间段 + 现在时表示“持续了多久”（例如：Vivo aquí desde hace dos años. 我在这里住了两年）。
4. Exam Command Words | 考试指令词
Understanding what the examiner asks you to do is half the battle. These command words appear in every paper.
理解考官要求你做什么是成功的一半。以下指令词出现在每份试卷中。
- Escribe – Write / 写
- Lee – Read / 读
- Escucha – Listen / 听
- Completa – Complete / 完成
- Subraya – Underline / 划线
- Empareja – Match / 配对
- Elige – Choose / 选择
- Traduce – Translate / 翻译
In writing tasks, look for Describe (describe), Opina (give your opinion) and justifica (justify). These require different sentence structures.
在写作任务中，注意 Describe（描述）、Opina（发表观点）和 justifica（论证）。它们需要不同的句式。
5. Key Nouns for Common Topics | 常见话题核心名词
Topics such as family, school, free time, town and environment are guaranteed in the exam. Build your noun bank around them.
家庭、学校、空闲时间、城镇和环境等话题是必考点。请围绕这些话题建立名词库。
- la familia – family / 家庭
- la escuela / el instituto – school / 学校
- el tiempo libre – free time / 空闲时间
- el medio ambiente – environment / 环境
- la comida – food / 食物
- el trabajo – work / 工作
- las vacaciones – holidays / 假期
Memorise the gender of each noun together with its article (el/la). This will improve your adjective agreement and avoid common errors.
记忆名词时请连同冠词 (el/la) 一起记。这有助于形容词性数一致，并避免常见错误。
6. Essential Adjectives and Opposites | 必备形容词与反义词
Adjectives enrich your writing and speaking. Learn them in opposite pairs to double your vocabulary quickly.
形容词能让你的写作和口语更丰富。通过反义词成对学习，可以快速扩大词汇量。
- bueno / malo – good / bad – 好 / 坏
- grande / pequeño – big / small – 大 / 小
- interesante / aburrido – interesting / boring – 有趣 / 无聊
- fácil / difícil – easy / difficult – 容易 / 困难
- caro / barato – expensive / cheap – 昂贵 / 便宜
Remember that most adjectives change for gender and number: buen chico (good boy) but buena chica (good girl).
记住大部分形容词有性数变化：buen chico（好男孩）但 buena chica（好女孩）。
7. Linking Words and Connectives | 连接词与过渡语
Connectives make your writing flow. Use them to show sequence, contrast and reason. They are essential for higher marks.
连接词使你的写作流畅。用它们来表达顺序、对比和原因。这是获得高分的关键。
- pero – but / 但是
- porque – because / 因为
- además – also, besides / 此外
- sin embargo – however / 然而
- por eso – therefore / 因此
- primero, luego, finalmente – first, then, finally / 首先、然后、最后
For a more advanced essay, try aunque (although) and mientras que (whereas).
为了写出更高级的作文，尝试使用 aunque（虽然）和 mientras que（而）。
8. Question Words and Forming Questions | 疑问词与提问方式
Understanding questions is vital for reading and listening. Memorise these question words and their meanings precisely.
理解疑问句对阅读和听力至关重要。请准确记忆这些疑问词及其含义。
| Spanish | English | 中文 |
| ¿Qué? | What? | 什么？ |
| ¿Quién? | Who? | 谁？ |
| ¿Cuándo? | When? | 什么时候？ |
| ¿Dónde? | Where? | 哪里？ |
| ¿Por qué? | Why? | 为什么？ |
| ¿Cómo? | How? | 怎样？ |
To form a question in writing, invert the subject and verb: ¿Hablas español? (Do you speak Spanish?)
写作时可用主谓倒装构成疑问句：¿Hablas español?（你会说西班牙语吗？）
9. Useful Phrases for Writing and Speaking | 写作与口语常用短语
These formulaic phrases save time and boost accuracy. Practise them until automatic.
这些套话能节省时间并提高准确性。请练习到脱口而出。
- Me llamo… – My name is… – 我叫……
- Tengo … años – I am … years old – 我……岁
- Vivo en… – I live in… – 我住在……
- Me gusta / No me gusta – I like / I don’t like – 我喜欢 / 我不喜欢
- En mi opinión – In my opinion – 在我看来
- Estoy de acuerdo – I agree – 我同意
- No estoy de acuerdo – I disagree – 我不同意
For extended answers, add details with por ejemplo (for example) and porque (because).
扩展回答时，用 por ejemplo（例如）和 porque（因为）补充细节。
10. Key Grammar Terminology | 核心语法术语
You may not be tested on grammar terminology directly, but knowing these terms helps you understand markschemes and feedback.
考试不一定直接考语法术语，但明白这些术语有助于你理解评分标准和反馈。
- el verbo – verb / 动词
- el sustantivo – noun / 名词
- el adjetivo – adjective / 形容词
- el adverbio – adverb / 副词
- la preposición – preposition / 介词
- el pronombre – pronoun / 代词
- el tiempo verbal – tense / 时态
- el pretérito perfecto – present perfect / 现在完成时
- el pretérito indefinido – preterite / 简单过去时
- el futuro inmediato – near future (ir + a + infinitive) / 最近将来时
When writing about past events, choose between pretérito indefinido for completed actions and imperfecto for descriptions or ongoing habits.
叙述过去事件时，完成动作用 pretérito indefinido，描述或习惯则用 imperfecto。
11. False Friends and Tricky Words | 易混淆词与假朋友
Some Spanish words look like English but mean something different. Recognising these will prevent major misunderstandings.
有些西班牙语单词看起来像英语，但意义不同。识别它们可以避免严重误解。
- embarazada – pregnant, NOT embarrassed / 怀孕（不是“尴尬”）
- constipado – having a cold, NOT constipated / 感冒（不是“便秘”）
- actual – current, NOT actual / 当前的（不是“实际的”）
- carpeta – folder, NOT carpet / 文件夹（不是“地毯”）
- sopa – soup, NOT soap / 汤（不是“肥皂”）
Context is key: una carpeta de notas means a notes folder, not a carpet.
语境很重要：una carpeta de notas 是“文件夹”，不是“地毯”。
12. Revision Strategies for Vocabulary Retention | 词汇保持复习策略
Rote memorisation alone is not enough. Use active recall and spaced repetition to move words into long-term memory.
仅靠死记硬背不够。请使用主动回忆和间隔重复，将词汇转化为长期记忆。
- Make flashcards with Spanish on one side and English/Chinese on the other. / 制作闪卡，一面写西语，一面写英/中文。
- Practise with past papers to see words in context. / 用真题练习，在语境中理解词汇。
- Say sentences aloud using each new word within one day. / 一天内用每个新词大声造一个句子。
- Group words by topic instead of alphabetical lists. / 按主题归类单词，而不是按字母表。
- Test yourself every 24 hours, then 3 days, then 7 days. / 分别在24小时、3天、7天后自测。
Finally, read a short Spanish text or watch a short video every day. Vocabulary grows fastest when you encounter it in real contexts.
最后，每天读一篇简短的西语文章或看一段短视频。在真实语境中接触词汇，词汇增长最快。
Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com
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