📚 Lattice Energy | 晶格能
Lattice energy is a central thermodynamic concept in A-Level chemistry, linking ionic bonding, periodicity, and energetics. It explains why ionic compounds have high melting points, why some dissolve more readily than others, and why ions with high charges form particularly stable crystals. In this article, we explore the definition, Born-Haber cycles, influencing factors, and the link between lattice energy and solubility.
晶格能是 A-Level 化学中连接离子键、周期性和能量学的核心热力学概念。它解释了为什么离子化合物具有高熔点、为什么有些离子化合物更容易溶解，以及为什么高电荷离子会形成特别稳定的晶体。本文将探讨晶格能的定义、Born-Haber 循环、影响因素以及与溶解性的关系。
1. What is Lattice Energy? | 什么是晶格能？
Lattice energy is the enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid is formed from its gaseous ions under standard conditions. It is an exothermic process, so the value is always negative. For example: Na⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g) → NaCl(s), ΔH°latt = -787 kJ mol⁻¹. The more negative the value, the stronger the ionic bonding in the lattice.
晶格能是在标准条件下，由气态离子形成一摩尔离子固体时的焓变。这是一个放热过程，因此数值始终为负。例如：Na⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g) → NaCl(s)，ΔH°latt = -787 kJ mol⁻¹。数值越负，表示晶格中的离子键越强。
2. Lattice Formation vs Lattice Dissociation |
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