📚 AQA A-level Physics June 2018 Paper 2: Breakdown and Revision Guide | AQA 物理 2018年6月试卷2：解析与复习指南
The AQA A-level Physics Paper 2 (7408/2) is a 2-hour written exam worth 85 marks, contributing to 32.5% of the A-level. It focuses on sections 6–8 of the specification: Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics, Fields, and Nuclear Physics. However, it also tests your ability to apply knowledge from earlier sections in these contexts. The June 2018 paper followed this pattern, with a balance of short-answer questions and extended-response items.
AQA A-level 物理试卷2（7408/2）是时长两小时、总分85分的笔试，占A-level总成绩的32.5%。它着重考查考纲第6至第8部分：进阶力学与热物理、场、以及核物理。不过，试卷也考查你在这些情境中运用前几部分知识的能力。2018年6月的试卷遵循了这种模式，简答题与扩展回答题比例均衡。
1. Paper Overview and Question Types | 1. 试卷概览与题型
The paper combines multiple-choice, short-answer, and extended-response questions. Numerical calculations are common, but you also need to explain physical concepts clearly. Many marks are awarded for correct method and coherent reasoning, so it is important to show your working line by line.
试卷包含选择题、简答题和扩展回答题。数值计算很常见，但你也需要清晰地解释物理概念。许多分数来自正确的方法和连贯的推理，因此逐行展示解题过程非常重要。
The table below gives an approximate breakdown based on the AQA specification:
下表根据AQA考纲给出大致的内容分布：
| Section | 部分 | Key Topics | 核心主题 |
| 6. Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics | 6. 进阶力学与热物理 | Circular motion, SHM, ideal gases, internal energy | 圆周运动、简谐运动、理想气体、内能 |
| 7. Fields | 7. 场 | Gravitational, electric, magnetic fields, capacitors, induction | 引力场、电场、磁场、电容器、电磁感应 |
| 8. Nuclear Physics | 8. 核物理 | Radioactive decay, binding energy, nuclear reactions | 放射性衰变、结合能、核反应 |
2. Further Mechanics: Circular Motion and SHM | 2. 进阶力学：圆周运动与简谐运动
In Further Mechanics, you are expected to recall and apply the equations for circular motion. The centripetal acceleration is given by a = ω²r or a = v²/r, and the resultant force towards the centre is F = mω²r. For simple harmonic motion, the defining equation is a = -ω²x, and the displacement varies with time as x = A cos(ωt) or x = A sin(ωt). The period of a mass–spring system is T = 2π√(m/k), while a simple pendulum has T = 2π√(l/g).
在进阶力学中，你需要回忆并应用圆周运动的方程。向心加速度为 a = ω²r 或 a = v²/r，指向中心的合力为 F = mω²r。对于简谐运动，定义方程为 a = -ω²x，位移随时间变化为 x = A cos(ωt) 或 x = A sin(ωt)。弹簧振子的周期为 T = 2π√(m/k)，单摆的周期为 T = 2π√(l/g)。
a = −ω²x, x = A cos(ωt)
You should also be able to draw and interpret graphs of displacement, velocity, and acceleration against time for an oscillator. Energy transfer between kinetic and potential forms is a frequent exam question.
你还应能够画出并解读振荡器的位移、速度和加速度随时间变化的图像。动能与势能之间的转换是高频考题。
3. Thermal Physics: Ideal Gases and Energy | 3. 热物理：理想气体与能量
Thermal physics is another major topic in Paper 2. The ideal gas law pV = nRT links pressure, volume, and absolute temperature. You should be able to derive pressure from kinetic theory for an ideal gas. Moreover, the internal energy of an ideal gas is the sum of kinetic energies of the particles and depends only on temperature. A common calculation is to find the root-mean-square speed using c_rms = √(3RT/M).
热物理是试卷2的另一大主题。理想气体定律 pV = nRT 联系了
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