AP Physics Lab Equipment Vocabulary | AP 物理实验用品英文词汇汇总

📚 AP Physics Lab Equipment Vocabulary | AP 物理实验用品英文词汇汇总

Mastering the English names of laboratory equipment is crucial for AP Physics students, as it enables them to follow experimental procedures, understand instructions, and articulate their findings effectively. This comprehensive vocabulary guide covers the most commonly used items in mechanics, electricity, optics, waves, and thermodynamics experiments.

掌握实验用品的英文名称对AP物理学生至关重要，可以帮助他们按照实验步骤操作、理解指导并有效表述结果。本词汇指南全面涵盖了力学、电学、光学、波动和热力学实验中最常用的器材。

1. Length and Angle Measuring Tools | 长度与角度测量工具

Accurate measurements of length and angles are foundational in physics experiments. The instruments in this section are used extensively for determination of distances, diameters, and angular positions.

精确的长度和角度测量是物理实验的基础。本节中的仪器广泛用于确定距离、直径和角位置。

A ruler or meterstick is the simplest tool for measuring length, typically marked in centimeters and millimeters, and is used for quick distance measurements such as the pendulum length.

直尺或米尺是测量长度最简单的工具，通常以厘米和毫米刻度，用于快速测距，如摆长测量。

The vernier caliper provides more precise measurements of internal, external, and depth dimensions, with a typical precision of 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm. It is essential in experiments requiring accurate diameter measurements, such as determining the volume of a cylinder.

游标卡尺可以更精确地测量内径、外径和深度，典型精度为0.1 mm或0.05 mm。它在需要精确直径测量的实验中必不可少，例如确定圆柱体的体积。

A micrometer screw gauge can measure small lengths to a precision of 0.01 mm, suitable for measuring the thickness of a wire or the diameter of a small sphere.

千分尺可以测量微小长度，精度达到0.01 mm，适用于测量导线直径或小球直径。

A protractor is used to measure angles in degrees, commonly used for setting up inclined planes, verifying prism angles, or measuring angles of reflection and refraction.

量角器用于测量角度（度），常用于搭建斜面、验证棱镜角或测量反射角和折射角。

2. Time and Mass Measuring Devices | 时间与质量测量设备

Timing and mass determination are critical in dynamics and energy experiments. Modern digital devices provide high accuracy and ease of data recording.

计时和质量测定在动力学和能量实验中至关重要。现代数字设备提供高精度并便于数据记录。

A digital stopwatch is used to measure time intervals, such as the period of a pendulum or the time for a cart to travel a certain distance. Its typical precision is 0.01 s, and it often features lap memory.

数字秒表用于测量时间间隔，如单摆的周期或小车行驶一定距离的时间，典型精度为0.01秒，通常具备分段计时记忆功能。

An electronic balance measures mass with high precision, often 0.01 g or 0.001 g, and is used to weigh objects like mass hangers, carts, or material samples. The tare function allows the mass of a container to be subtracted automatically.

电子天平以高精度（通常0.01 g或0.001 g）测量质量，用于称量钩码、小车或材料样品。去皮功能可自动扣除容器质量。

A set of slotted masses, usually in multiples of 10 g, 20 g, 50 g, or 100 g, is used together with a mass hanger to apply known forces or to vary the inertial mass in experiments like Newton’s second law verification.

一套槽码，通常以10 g、20 g、50 g或100 g为倍数，与码钩一起使用，在验证牛顿第二定律的实验中施加已知力或改变惯性质量。

3. Mechanics Lab Equipment | 力学实验设备

Mechanics experiments in AP Physics require a variety of specialized apparatus to study motion, forces, and energy. These tools help students explore Newton’s laws and conservation principles.

AP物理中的力学实验需要各种专门设备来研究运动、力和能量。这些工具帮助学生探索牛顿定律和守恒原理。

A low-friction dynamics cart is used with a track to investigate motion with constant velocity, acceleration, or collisions. Some carts have spring plungers for impulse and momentum experiments.

低摩擦动力学小车与轨道配合使用，用于研究匀速、加速运动或碰撞。有些小车带有弹簧柱塞用于冲量和动量实验。

A rigid aluminum or plastic track provides a smooth, straight surface for the cart. It often includes a pulley mounted at one end and a scale for position measurements.

坚固的铝制或塑料轨道为小车提供光滑笔直的运动表面，通常一端装有滑轮，并带有用于位置测量的刻度。

A low-friction pulley is clamped to the side of the track or table, allowing a string to run over it and connect the cart to a hanging mass, minimizing energy losses due to friction.

低摩擦滑轮夹在轨道或桌子边缘，让绳子穿过并连接小车和悬挂物，最大限度地减少摩擦造成的能量损失。

A spring scale or force meter measures force in newtons by the extension

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