📚 Edexcel Year 7 Biology: Summer Bridging & Prep Course | 爱德思七年级生物：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to your summer preparation for Year 7 Biology with Edexcel! This course is designed to build a solid foundation before you start the school year. You will be introduced to key concepts such as cells, body systems, reproduction, and ecology. By engaging with these topics over the summer, you will gain confidence and curiosity that will help you thrive in your biology lessons.
欢迎参加为爱德思七年级生物课程准备的暑期预习！本课程旨在帮助你在新学年开始前打下扎实基础。你将初步接触细胞、人体系统、生殖和生态等核心概念。通过暑期学习这些内容，你将增强信心，培养好奇心，为生物课的学习奠定良好基础。
1. Introduction to Year 7 Biology | 七年级生物简介
Year 7 Biology is your first step into the world of living things. You will explore how organisms function, grow, and interact with their environment. The Edexcel curriculum encourages hands-on experiments and critical thinking.
七年级生物是你探索生命世界的第一步。你将学习生物体如何运作、生长，以及如何与环境相互作用。爱德思课程强调动手实验和批判性思维。
During this bridging course, you will familiarise yourself with scientific vocabulary and simple laboratory skills. This will make your transition to secondary science smooth and enjoyable.
在本衔接课程中，你将熟悉科学词汇和简单的实验室技能，这将使你顺利过渡到中学科学学习，并乐在其中。
2. What Is Biology? | 什么是生物学？
Biology is the study of life. It covers everything from tiny bacteria to giant whales. Biologists ask questions like ‘How do plants make food?’ and ‘Why do animals have different body parts?’.
生物学是研究生命的科学，涵盖从微小的细菌到巨大的鲸鱼。生物学家会提出诸如“植物如何制造食物？”和“为什么动物有不同身体部位？”等问题。
Learning biology helps us understand our own bodies, take care of the environment, and make informed decisions about health and medicine.
学习生物学有助于我们了解自己的身体，关爱环境，并在健康和医药方面做出明智决策。
3. Safety in the Biology Lab | 生物实验室安全
Before you start any experiment, safety comes first. You will learn to wear protective goggles and lab coats, tie back long hair, and never eat or drink in the lab.
在进行任何实验之前，安全第一。你将学会佩戴护目镜和实验服，扎起长发，并且绝不在实验室吃喝。
You will also learn to handle microscopes and glassware carefully, and to follow instructions from your teacher at all times.
你还会学习如何小心使用显微镜和玻璃器皿，并始终遵循老师的指导。
4. The Cell: The Basic Unit of Life | 细胞：生命的基本单位
All living things are made of cells. Some organisms, like bacteria, are unicellular (single-celled), while plants and animals are multicellular (many-celled). Cells are the building blocks of life.
所有生物都由细胞组成。有些生物，如细菌，是单细胞的，而植物和动物是多细胞的。细胞是生命的基石。
You will learn to identify the main parts of an animal cell: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and mitochondria. Plant cells also have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
你将学习识别动物细胞的主要部分：细胞核、细胞质、细胞膜和线粒体。植物细胞还有细胞壁、叶绿体和一个大中央液泡。
| Organelle | Animal Cell | Plant Cell |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Yes | Yes |
| Cytoplasm | Yes | Yes |
| Cell membrane | Yes | Yes |
| Mitochondria | Yes | Yes |
| Cell wall | No | Yes |
| Chloroplasts | No | Yes |
| Large central vacuole | No | Yes |
The table above highlights the main differences. Remember that plant cells have three extra structures: cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.
上表强调了主要区别。记住植物细胞有三个额外结构：细胞壁、叶绿体和大液泡。
5. Levels of Organisation | 组织的层次
In multicellular organisms, cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs, and organs into organ systems. For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue, which makes up the heart, an organ, and the heart is part of the circulatory system.
在多细胞生物中，细胞组成组织，组织构成器官，器官再形成器官系统。例如，肌细胞构成肌肉组织，肌肉组织组成心脏这一器官，而心脏是循环系统的一部分。
Understanding these levels helps you see how different parts of the body work together to keep you alive.
理解这些层次有助于你认识到身体各个部分如何协同工作来维持生命。
6. Introduction to Human Body Systems | 人体系统入门
Your body has several organ systems that carry out essential functions. The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system takes in oxygen, and the circulatory system transports nutrients and gases.
你的身体有多个器官系统来执行重要功能。消化系统分解食物，呼吸系统吸入氧气，而循环系统运输营养物质和气体。
You will also learn about the skeletal system, which supports your body and protects organs, and the nervous system, which sends signals to control your actions.
你还会学习骨骼系统，它支撑身体并保护器官，以及神经系统，它发送信号来控制你的活动。
7. Reproduction in Humans | 人类生殖
Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring. In humans, sexual reproduction involves the male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (egg). Fertilisation occurs when a sperm joins with an egg, leading to the development of a baby.
生殖是生物产生后代的过程。在人类中，有性生殖涉及男性性细胞（精子）和女性性细胞（卵子）。当精子和卵子结合时发生受精，随后发育成婴儿。
You will explore the main structures of the male and female reproductive systems and learn about the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in an age-appropriate way.
你将探索男性和女性生殖系统的主要结构，并以适合年龄的方式了解月经周期和妊娠。
8. Plants and Photosynthesis | 植物与光合作用
Plants are producers; they make their own food using sunlight through a process called photosynthesis. The word equation for photosynthesis is:
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
植物是生产者；它们利用阳光通过光合作用制造自己的食物。光合作用的文字方程式为：
二氧化碳 + 水 → 葡萄糖 + 氧气
This process takes place in the chloroplasts, in the presence of light and chlorophyll. Glucose is used by the plant for energy or stored as starch. Oxygen is released into the air, which is essential for animals to breathe.
这个过程发生在叶绿体中，需要光和叶绿素。植物利用葡萄糖提供能量或将其储存为淀粉。氧气释放到空气中，是动物呼吸所必需的。
9. Ecosystems and Food Chains | 生态系统与食物链
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment. Within an ecosystem, energy flows through food chains. A simple food chain might be:
grass → rabbit → fox
生态系统是指生物群落与其非生物环境相互作用的整体。在生态系统中，能量通过食物链流动。一条简单的食物链可能是：
草 → 兔 → 狐狸
You will learn about producers, consumers (primary, secondary), and decomposers, and how populations depend on each other. The arrow in a food chain shows the direction of energy transfer.
你将学习生产者、消费者（初级、次级）和分解者，以及种群如何相互依存。食物链中的箭头表示能量传递的方向。
10. How to Prepare Over the Summer | 暑期如何准备
To get the most out of this course, try observing nature around you. Go for walks and notice different plants and animals. Keep a simple journal of what you see, and write down questions that come to mind.
为了充分利用本课程，尝试观察身边的自然。散步时留意各种植物和动物。写一本简单的观察日记，记下你看到的事物和想到的问题。
Watch short educational videos about cells and ecosystems. Practice using a microscope if you have access to one, or review labelled diagrams of cells. This will make the first few weeks of Year 7 much easier.
观看关于细胞和生态系统的教育短视频。如果有条件，练习使用显微镜，或者复习细胞的标注图。这会让七年级前几周的学习轻松许多。
Finally, familiarise yourself with basic vocabulary: nucleus, chloroplast, photosynthesis, ecosystem, etc. You will find a handy table in the next section.
最后，熟悉基本词汇：细胞核、叶绿体、光合作用、生态系统等。你会在下一节看到一个实用的词汇表。
11. Key Vocabulary to Learn | 需要学习的关键词汇
Below is a table of key terms you will encounter in Year 7 Biology. Try to learn the spellings and meanings before September.
下表列出了七年级生物中会遇到的关键术语。尝试在开学前掌握拼写和含义。
| English Term | 中文术语 | Brief Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Cell | 细胞 | Basic unit of life |
| Nucleus | 细胞核 | Controls cell activities |
| Cytoplasm | 细胞质 | Jelly-like substance where reactions occur |
| Cell membrane | 细胞膜 | Controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Mitochondria | 线粒体 | Site of respiration, release energy |
| Chloroplast | 叶绿体 | Contains chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis |
| Cell wall | 细胞壁 | Rigid outer layer of plant cells |
| Vacuole | 液泡 | Stores water and nutrients (large in plants) |
| Photosynthesis | 光合作用 | Process plants use to make food using light |
| Ecosystem | 生态系统 |
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