📚 Year 7 CIE Spanish: Core Knowledge Outline | Year 7 CIE 西班牙语:核心知识点梳理
Welcome to the Year 7 CIE Spanish revision guide. This article brings together all the essential vocabulary, grammar and communication skills you need to build a solid foundation in Spanish. Whether you are preparing for a Cambridge Lower Secondary checkpoint or simply consolidating your classroom learning, these core topics will help you speak, read and write with growing confidence. We cover greetings, personal information, numbers, colours, family, school, daily routines, telling the time, likes and dislikes, and key grammar points such as the verbs ‘ser’ and ‘estar’ alongside adjective agreement.
欢迎来到 Year 7 CIE 西班牙语复习指南。本文汇集了建立扎实西班牙语基础所需的所有核心词汇、语法和交际技能。无论你是在为剑桥初中 checkpoint 做准备,还是巩固课堂所学,这些核心主题都能帮助你更自信地表达、阅读和写作。我们涵盖问候语、个人信息、数字、颜色、家庭、学校、日常活动、时间表达、喜好以及关键语法点,例如动词 ‘ser’ 与 ‘estar’ 的用法和形容词的性数配合。
1. Greetings and Politeness | 问候与礼貌用语
Greetings are the very first thing you learn in Spanish. The most common way to say hello is ‘Hola’. Depending on the time of day, you can use ‘Buenos días’ (good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (good afternoon) and ‘Buenas noches’ (good evening or good night). To ask how someone is, say ‘¿Cómo estás?’ and reply with ‘Estoy bien, gracias’ (I am well, thank you) or ‘Estoy mal’ (I am not well). Politeness matters, so remember ‘por favor’ (please), ‘gracias’ (thank you) and ‘de nada’ (you’re welcome).
问候语是学习西班牙语的第一件事。最常用的打招呼方式是说 ‘Hola’。根据一天中的时间,你可以使用 ‘Buenos días’(早上好)、’Buenas tardes’(下午好)和 ‘Buenas noches’(晚上好或晚安)。询问对方过得如何时说 ‘¿Cómo estás?’,回答 ‘Estoy bien, gracias’(我很好,谢谢)或 ‘Estoy mal’(我不好)。礼貌很重要,请记住 ‘por favor’(请)、’gracias’(谢谢)和 ‘de nada’(不客气)。
When parting, you can say ‘Adiós’ (goodbye) or the more casual ‘Hasta luego’ (see you later). It is also polite to address adults using ‘señor’ (Mr), ‘señora’ (Mrs) or ‘señorita’ (Miss). Practising these phrases aloud will quickly make you comfortable in everyday conversations.
道别时,你可以说 ‘Adiós’(再见)或者更随意的 ‘Hasta luego’(回头见)。用 ‘señor’(先生)、’señora’(女士)或 ‘señorita’(小姐)称呼成年人也会显得很有礼貌。大声练习这些短语,你很快就能在日常对话中自如运用。
2. Introducing Yourself and Personal Information | 自我介绍与个人信息
The next step is to talk about yourself. Start with ‘Me llamo…’ (My name is…) or ‘Soy…’ (I am…). To ask someone’s name, use ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’. You can also share your age with ‘Tengo doce años’ (I am twelve years old). Remember that in Spanish you literally say ‘I have twelve years’. A typical introduction includes where you live: ‘Vivo en…’ (I live in…) and your nationality: ‘Soy inglés’ (I am English) or ‘Soy china’ (I am Chinese).
下一步是介绍自己。开始用 ‘Me llamo…’(我叫…)或 ‘Soy…’(我是…)。询问对方的名字用 ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’。你也可以用 ‘Tengo doce años’(我十二岁)分享年龄。记住西班牙语里你实际上是在说“我有十二岁”。一段典型的自我介绍会包括你住在哪里:’Vivo en…’(我住在…)和你的国籍:’Soy inglés’(我是英国人)或 ‘Soy china’(我是中国人)。
Questions such as ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ (How old are you?) and ‘¿De dónde eres?’ (Where are you from?) help you keep a conversation going. When answering, always pay attention to gender: a boy says ‘Soy inglés’ while a girl says ‘Soy inglesa’. The same rule applies to ‘encantado’ (pleased to meet you, said by a male) and ‘encantada’ (said by a female). Building a short personal profile is an excellent way to practise writing.
诸如 ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’(你几岁了?)和 ‘¿De dónde eres?’(你从哪里来?)这样的问题可以帮助你延续对话。回答时,要始终注意性别:男孩说 ‘Soy inglés’,女孩则说 ‘Soy inglesa’。同样的规则适用于 ‘encantado’(很高兴认识你,男性说)和 ‘encantada’(女性说)。建立一个简短的个人档案是练习写作的绝佳方式。
3. Numbers, Age and Dates | 数字、年龄与日期
Numbers from 1 to 31 are essential for telling dates, your age and the time. Here are the key numbers: uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10), once (11), doce (12), trece (13), catorce (14), quince (15), dieciséis (16), diecisiete (17), dieciocho (18), diecinueve (19), veinte (20), veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), etc., treinta (30), treinta y uno (31). To say your age, combine ‘Tengo’ with the number: ‘Tengo trece años’.
掌握数字1到31对表达日期、年龄和时间至关重要。关键数字如下:uno (1)、dos (2)、tres (3)、cuatro (4)、cinco (5)、seis (6)、siete (7)、ocho (8)、nueve (9)、diez (10)、once (11)、doce (12)、trece (13)、catorce (14)、quince (15)、dieciséis (16)、diecisiete (17)、dieciocho (18)、diecinueve (19)、veinte (20)、veintiuno (21)、veintidós (22)等,treinta (30)、treinta y uno (31)。表达年龄时,将 ‘Tengo’ 与数字组合:’Tengo trece años’。
Dates follow a simple pattern: ‘Es el (number) de (month)’. For example, ‘Es el cinco de mayo’ (It is the fifth of May). The months are enero (January), febrero (February), marzo (March), abril (April), mayo (May), junio (June), julio (July), agosto (August), septiembre (September), octubre (October), noviembre (November) and diciembre (December). Days of the week like lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday) and domingo (Sunday) are not capitalised in Spanish.
日期遵循一个简单的模式:’Es el (数字) de (月份)’。例如,’Es el cinco de mayo’(今天是五月五日)。月份分别是 enero(一月)、febrero(二月)、marzo(三月)、abril(四月)、mayo(五月)、junio(六月)、julio(七月)、agosto(八月)、septiembre(九月)、octubre(十月)、noviembre(十一月)和 diciembre(十二月)。一周的星期 lunes(星期一)、martes(星期二)、miércoles(星期三)、jueves(星期四)、viernes(星期五)、sábado(星期六)和 domingo(星期日)在西班牙语中不大写。
4. Colours and Describing Objects | 颜色与描述物品
Colours bring your descriptions to life. The basic colours are rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green), amarillo (yellow), naranja (orange), rosa (pink), morado (purple), marrón (brown), negro (black), blanco (white) and gris (grey). Because colours are adjectives, they must agree with the noun they describe. For instance, a red book is ‘un libro rojo’ but a red table is ‘una mesa roja’. The same rule applies to plural forms: ‘libros rojos’, ‘mesas rojas’.
颜色让你的描述变得生动。基本颜色有 rojo(红色)、azul(蓝色)、verde(绿色)、amarillo(黄色)、naranja(橙色)、rosa(粉色)、morado(紫色)、marrón(棕色)、negro(黑色)、blanco(白色)和 gris(灰色)。因为颜色是形容词,它们必须与所修饰的名词在性数上保持一致。例如,一本红色的书是 ‘un libro rojo’,但一张红色的桌子是 ‘una mesa roja’。同样的规则适用于复数形式:’libros rojos’、’mesas rojas’。
To ask about the colour of an object, use ‘¿De qué color es…?’ (What colour is…?) and answer ‘Es rojo/roja’. Combine colours with classroom items: ‘El lápiz es amarillo’ (The pencil is yellow), ‘La mochila es azul’ (The backpack is blue). Practise describing objects by saying ‘Es un/una + item + colour’. Remember that some colours like ‘naranja’ and ‘rosa’ do not change gender, only number: ‘una flor naranja’, ‘flores naranjas’.
询问某物颜色用 ‘¿De qué color es…?’,回答 ‘Es rojo/roja’。将颜色与教室物品结合起来:’El lápiz es amarillo’(铅笔是黄色的),’La mochila es azul’(背包是蓝色的)。通过说 ‘Es un/una + 物品 + 颜色’ 来练习描述物品。记住一些颜色如 ‘naranja’ 和 ‘rosa’ 不随性别变化,只变数:’una flor naranja’,’flores naranjas’。
5. Family and Pets | 家庭与宠物
Talking about your family is a central topic in Year 7. Key family members are: madre (mother), padre (father), hermano (brother), hermana (sister), abuelo (grandfather), abuela (grandmother), tío (uncle), tía (aunt), primo (male cousin) and prima (female cousin). You can present your family by saying ‘En mi familia hay… personas’ (In my family there are… people) or ‘Tengo dos hermanos’ (I have two brothers/siblings).
谈论家庭是Year 7的核心话题。关键的家庭成员包括:madre(妈妈)、padre(爸爸)、hermano(兄弟)、hermana(姐妹)、abuelo(爷爷/外公)、abuela(奶奶/外婆)、tío(叔叔/舅舅)、tía(阿姨/姑姑)、primo(表/堂兄弟)和 prima(表/堂姐妹)。你可以用 ‘En mi familia hay… personas’(我家有…口人)或 ‘Tengo dos hermanos’(我有两个兄弟/兄弟姐妹)来介绍家庭。
Pets are often part of the family. Use ‘Tengo un perro’ (I have a dog), ‘Tengo un gato’ (I have a cat) or ‘No tengo mascotas’ (I don’t have any pets). When describing pets, apply the same adjective agreement rules: ‘Mi perro es marrón y blanco’ (My dog is brown and white). Asking ‘¿Tienes hermanos?’ or ‘¿Tienes mascotas?’ keeps the dialogue interactive.
宠物常被看作家庭成员。用 ‘Tengo un perro’(我有一只狗)、’Tengo un gato’(我有一只猫)或 ‘No tengo mascotas’(我没有宠物)。描述宠物时,使用相同的形容词配合规则:’Mi perro es marrón y blanco’(我的狗是棕色和白色的)。提问 ‘¿Tienes hermanos?’ 或 ‘¿Tienes mascotas?’ 让对话保持互动。
6. School and Subjects | 学校与科目
School life occupies much of your daily routine. Useful vocabulary includes: el colegio (school), la clase (classroom/lesson), el profesor (male teacher), la profesora (female teacher), el alumno/la alumna (student), la mochila (backpack), el libro (book), el cuaderno (exercise book), el bolígrafo (pen) and el lápiz (pencil). The verb ‘estudiar’ (to study) is a regular -ar verb: ‘Yo estudio’, ‘Tú estudias’, ‘Él/Ella estudia’.
学校生活占据了你日常的大部分。相关词汇包括:el colegio(学校)、la clase(教室/课)、el profesor(男老师)、la profesora(女老师)、el alumno/la alumna(学生)、la mochila(书包)、el libro(书)、el cuaderno(练习本)、el bolígrafo(圆珠笔)和 el lápiz(铅笔)。动词 ‘estudiar’(学习)是规则 -ar 动词:’Yo estudio’、’Tú estudias’、’Él/Ella estudia’。
Subjects you learn at this stage are: las matemáticas (maths), las ciencias (science), el inglés (English), el español (Spanish), la historia (history), la geografía (geography), la educación física (PE), la música (music), el arte (art) and la informática (ICT). Express opinions using ‘Me gusta’ or ‘No me gusta’: ‘Me gustan las ciencias’ (I like science). Remember to use ‘gusta’ with singular subjects and ‘gustan’ with plural subjects.
现阶段你可能学习的科目有:las matemáticas(数学)、las ciencias(科学)、el inglés(英语)、el español(西班牙语)、la historia(历史)、la geografía(地理)、la educación física(体育)、la música(音乐)、el arte(美术)和 la informática(信息与通讯技术)。使用 ‘Me gusta’ 或 ‘No me gusta’ 表达观点:’Me gustan las ciencias’(我喜欢科学)。记住主语为单数时用 ‘gusta’,复数时用 ‘gustan’。
7. Daily Activities and Present Tense Verbs | 日常活动与现在时动词
Describing your routine requires action verbs. Common -ar verbs are: hablar (to speak), escuchar (to listen), caminar (to walk), cocinar (to cook) and descansar (to rest). For -er verbs you will meet comer (to eat), beber (to drink) and leer (to read). An important -ir verb is vivir (to live) and escribir (to write). The present tense endings follow clear patterns that you need to memorise.
描述日常活动需要动作动词。常见的 -ar 动词有:hablar(说话)、escuchar(听)、caminar(走路)、cocinar(烹饪)和 descansar(休息)。-er 动词你会遇到 comer(吃)、beber(喝)和 leer(阅读)。重要的 -ir 动词包括 vivir(居住)和 escribir(写)。现在时的词尾变化遵循清晰的模式,需要牢记。
Present tense endings: -ar: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an; -er: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en; -ir: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en
现在时词尾:-ar: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an; -er: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en; -ir: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en
To build a sentence about daily life, start with the subject: ‘Yo me levanto a las siete’ (I get up at seven), ‘Él come el desayuno’ (He eats breakfast), ‘Nosotros vivimos en Londres’ (We live in London). Reflexive verbs like ‘levantarse’ are common in self-care routines. Their pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os, se) must match the subject. Practise by writing a short diary entry in Spanish.
要构建描述日常生活的句子,先确定主语:’Yo me levanto a las siete’(我七点起床),’Él come el desayuno’(他吃早餐),’Nosotros vivimos en Londres’(我们住在伦敦)。反身动词如 ‘levantarse’ 在自理日常中很常见,其代词 (me, te, se, nos, os, se) 需与主语一致。试着写一篇简短的西班牙语日记来练习。
8. Expressing Likes and Dislikes | 表达喜好与厌恶
The verb ‘gustar’ works differently from English. To say ‘I like chocolate’, you say ‘Me gusta el chocolate’ – literally ‘chocolate is pleasing to me’. When you like several things, use ‘gustan’: ‘Me gustan los deportes’ (I like sports). To express dislike, simply add ‘no’: ‘No me gusta la música rock’ (I don’t like rock music). You can use other indirect object pronouns: ‘me’ (to me), ‘te’ (to you), ‘le’ (to him/her), ‘nos’ (to us), ‘os’ (to you plural, informal in Spain) and ‘les’ (to them).
动词 ‘gustar’ 的用法与英文不同。要说“我喜欢巧克力”,你需要说 ‘Me gusta el chocolate’——字面意思是“巧克力使我喜欢”。当你喜欢多个事物时,使用 ‘gustan’:’Me gustan los deportes’(我喜欢运动)。表示不喜欢,只需加上 ‘no’:’No me gusta la música rock’(我不喜欢摇滚乐)。你可以使用其他间接宾语代词:’me’(对我)、’te’(对你)、’le’(对他/她)、’nos’(对我们)、’os’(对你们,西班牙非正式复数)和 ‘les’(对他们/她们)。
Expand your opinions by adding ‘mucho’ (a lot) or ‘un poco’ (a little): ‘Me gusta mucho el arte’ (I really like art), ‘No me gusta nada el frío’ (I don’t like the cold at all). Questions to practise: ‘¿Te gusta la pizza?’ (Do you like pizza?) and ‘¿Qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre?’ (What do you like to do in your free time?). Answering with full sentences will improve your fluency.
通过添加 ‘mucho’(非常)或 ‘un poco’(一点)来丰富你的观点:’Me gusta mucho el arte’(我特别喜欢美术),’No me gusta nada el frío’(我一点儿都不喜欢冷天)。可以练习的提问有:’¿Te gusta la pizza?’(你喜欢披萨吗?)和 ‘¿Qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre?’(你在空闲时间喜欢做什么?)。用完整句子回答会提高你的流利度。
9. Ser vs. Estar: The Two Verbs ‘to Be’ | Ser与Estar:两个“是”的动词
Spanish has two verbs that mean ‘to be’: ‘ser’ and ‘estar’. The general rule is that ‘ser’ describes permanent characteristics, identity, origin and time, while ‘estar’ is used for temporary states, locations and conditions. Both are irregular, so you must learn their conjugations thoroughly.
西班牙语有两个表示“是”的动词:’ser’ 和 ‘estar’。基本规则是 ‘ser’ 描述永久特征、身份、来源和时间,而 ‘estar’ 用于临时状态、地点和状况。两者都是不规则动词,因此你必须熟记它们的变位。
| Pronoun | Ser | Estar |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | soy | estoy |
| Tú | eres | estás |
| Él/Ella/Usted | es | está |
| Nosotros/as | somos | estamos |
| Vosotros/as | sois | estáis |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | son | están |
Examples: ‘Soy de Pekín’ (I am from Beijing – origin, ser), ‘Estoy en casa’ (I am at home – location, estar), ‘Eres inteligente’ (You are intelligent – characteristic, ser), ‘Estoy cansado’ (I am tired – temporary state, estar). Notice that adjectives used with ‘estar’ can describe a change from the norm: ‘La sopa está fría’ (The soup is cold – at this moment).
例子:’Soy de Pekín’(我来自北京——来源,用 ser),’Estoy en casa’(我在家——地点,用 estar),’Eres inteligente’(你很聪明——特征,用 ser),’Estoy cansado’(我很累——临时状态,用 estar)。注意与 ‘estar’ 连用的形容词可以描述相对于常态的变化:’La sopa está fría’(这个汤是凉的——此时此刻)。
10. Adjective Agreement | 形容词的性数配合
In Spanish, adjectives change their endings to match the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun they describe. Most adjectives ending in -o in their masculine form change to -a for feminine: ‘un chico alto’ (a tall boy), ‘una chica alta’ (a tall girl). To make them plural, add -s or -es: ‘chicos altos’, ‘chicas altas’. Adjectives ending in -e or a consonant usually have the same form for both genders and only add -s or -es for plural: ‘un estudiante inteligente’, ‘estudiantes inteligentes’.
在西班牙语中,形容词的词尾会根据所修饰名词的性(阳性或阴性)和数(单数或复数)发生变化。大多数以 -o 结尾的阳性形容词在阴性时变为 -a:’un chico alto’(高个子男孩),’una chica alta’(高个子女孩)。要使它们变为复数,加上 -s 或 -es:’chicos altos’,’chicas altas’。以 -e 或辅音结尾的形容词通常阴阳性同形,复数只加 -s 或 -es:’un estudiante inteligente’,’estudiantes inteligentes’。
Some common exceptions are: ‘trabajador’ (hardworking) becoming ‘trabajadora’ for feminine, and ‘joven’ (young) whose plural is ‘jóvenes’. When describing a mixed-gender group, the masculine plural form is used: ‘Mis hermanos son simpáticos’ could refer to brothers or a mix of brothers and sisters. Always check agreement when writing sentences; it is a key skill in Year 7 assessments.
一些常见的例外有:’trabajador’(勤奋的)在阴性时变为 ‘trabajadora’,以及 ‘joven’(年轻的)复数为 ‘jóvenes’。当描述性别混合的群体时,使用阳性复数形式:’Mis hermanos son simpáticos’ 既可以指兄弟们,也可以指兄弟姐妹们。写句子时一定要检查性数一致;这是 Year 7 评估中的一项关键技能。
11. Telling the Time | 表达时间
Knowing how to tell the time is essential for organising your day. The question is ‘¿Qué hora es?’ (What time is it?). The basic structure is: ‘Es la una’ for 1:00, and ‘Son las’ plus the number for all other hours: ‘Son las dos’ (2:00), ‘Son las tres’ (3:00). To add minutes, use ‘y’ (and) for the first half and ‘menos’ (minus) for the second half: ‘Son las tres y diez’ (3:10), ‘Son las cuatro menos cinco’ (4:55, literally five to four).
知道如何表达时间对安排一天的活动至关重要。提问是 ‘¿Qué hora es?’(几点了?)。基本结构为:1:00 用 ‘Es la una’,其他整点用 ‘Son las’ 加数字:’Son las dos’(2:00),’Son las tres’(3:00)。要加上分钟,前半个小时用 ‘y’(和),后半个小时用 ‘menos’(差):’Son las tres y diez’(3:10),’Son las cuatro menos cinco’(4:55,字面意思差五分钟四点)。
Special expressions include: ‘y cuarto’ (quarter past, e.g., ‘Son las dos y cuarto’ – 2:15), ‘y media’ (half past, e.g., ‘Son las cinco y media’ – 5:30), and ‘en punto’ (o’clock, e.g., ‘a las ocho en punto’ – at eight o’clock). Remember to use ‘a la’ or ‘a las’ when saying at what time you do something: ‘Me levanto a las siete’ (I get up at seven). The 24-hour clock is rarely used in everyday speech; instead, add ‘de la mañana’, ‘de la tarde’ or ‘de la noche’ to clarify: ‘Son las nueve de la noche’ (It is nine in the evening).
特殊表达包括:’y cuarto’(一刻,如 ‘Son las dos y cuarto’ – 2:15)、’y media’(半,如 ‘Son las cinco y media’ – 5:30)和 ‘en punto’(整点,如 ‘a las ocho en punto’ – 在八点整)。记住,说明你做某事的时间时要用 ‘a la’ 或 ‘a las’:’Me levanto a las siete’(我七点起床)。日常口语中很少使用24小时制;而是加上 ‘de la mañana’(早上)、’de la tarde’(下午)或 ‘de la noche’(晚上)来明确:’Son las nueve de la noche’(现在是晚上九点)。
12. Food, Drink and Ordering | 食物、饮料与点餐
Food and drink vocabulary is both practical and enjoyable. Start with basics: el agua (water), la leche (milk), el zumo (juice), el pan (bread), el queso (cheese), el jamón (ham), la fruta (fruit), la manzana (apple), el plátano (banana), las verduras (vegetables), el pollo (chicken) and el pescado (fish). At the table you might hear ‘¡Buen provecho!’ (Enjoy your meal).
食物和
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导,国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导