📚 Year 7 CAIE Media: Core Knowledge Review | 7年级 CAIE 媒体：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to your Year 7 Media Studies revision guide. This article brings together the most important concepts you will encounter in the CAIE Media curriculum for 11- to 12-year-olds. We break down key ideas about media forms, audiences, language, representation and production in simple, clear steps. Use this as your quick reference to build confidence before tests and projects.
欢迎来到7年级媒体研究复习指南。本文汇集了你在CAIE媒体课程中将会遇到的最重要的概念，适合11-12岁的学习者。我们以简单、清晰的步骤分解关于媒体形式、受众、语言、再现和制作的关键思想。将此作为你的快速参考，在测试和项目前建立信心。
1. What is Media Studies? | 什么是媒体研究？
Media Studies is the subject that explores how messages are created, shared and understood through different forms of communication. It looks at everything from television shows and films to social media posts, newspapers, video games and advertisements. Instead of just watching or reading media, you learn to analyse why a certain image was chosen, how a headline grabs attention, and who the intended audience is.
媒体研究是一门探究信息如何通过不同传播形式被创造、分享和理解的学科。它涉及从电视节目、电影到社交媒体帖子、报纸、电子游戏和广告的方方面面。你不再只是观看或阅读媒体，而是学习分析为什么选择某张图片、标题如何吸引注意力，以及目标受众是谁。
The subject helps you become media literate – able to think critically about the media you consume every day. You start to notice camera angles, colour choices, sound effects and the way stories are put together. This skill is essential in a world where we are constantly surrounded by media messages.
这门学科帮助你具备媒体素养——能够对你每天消费的媒体进行批判性思考。你开始注意镜头角度、色彩选择、音效以及故事的组装方式。在一个我们不断被媒体信息包围的世界里，这项技能至关重要。
2. Media Forms and Platforms | 媒体形式与平台
Media forms are the different types of media products. The main forms you study in Year 7 include print media (newspapers, magazines, posters), broadcast media (television, radio), and digital media (websites, social media, streaming services, video games). Each form has its own features and ways of reaching an audience.
媒体形式是指不同类型的媒体产品。你在7年级学习的主要形式包括印刷媒体（报纸、杂志、海报）、广播媒体（电视、广播）和数字媒体（网站、社交媒体、流媒体服务、电子游戏）。每种形式都有自己的特点和触达受众的方式。
A platform is the way media is delivered. For example, a film can be watched in a cinema (traditional platform) or streamed on a tablet (digital platform). Understanding the difference between form and platform helps you see how the same story might change when it moves from a printed page to an app.
平台是媒体传递的方式。例如，一部电影可以在电影院观看（传统平台），也可以在平板电脑上流媒体播放（数字平台）。理解形式和平台的区别有助于你看到同一个故事从印刷页面转移到应用程序时可能会如何变化。
3. Media Audiences | 媒体受众
Every media text is made for someone – the audience. Producers think carefully about who will watch, read or play their product. Audiences can be classified by age, gender, interests, location and lifestyle. In Year 7, you begin to identify target audiences by looking at the content, style and tone of a media text.
每一个媒体文本都是为某人——受众——而制作的。制作者会仔细考虑谁会观看、阅读或使用他们的产品。受众可以按年龄、性别、兴趣、地点和生活方式进行分类。在7年级，你开始通过观察媒体文本的内容、风格和语调来识别目标受众。
Audiences can be passive – simply receiving the message as it is – or active – interpreting and questioning the message. You also learn about audience appeal: why might a teenager enjoy a certain YouTube channel? How does a magazine cover attract a specific group? Thinking from the audience’s point of view is a key skill.
受众可以是被动的——仅仅原样接收信息——也可以是主动的——解读并质疑信息。你还会了解受众吸引力：为什么一个青少年会喜欢某个YouTube频道？杂志封面如何吸引特定群体？从受众的角度思考是一项关键技能。
4. Media Language: Camera and Composition | 媒体语言：镜头与构图
Media language is the set of codes and conventions used to create meaning. For moving image products like films and TV, camera work is central. You learn to identify shot types: an extreme close-up (ECU) shows emotion or detail, a long shot (LS) establishes setting, and a high-angle shot can make a character look vulnerable.
媒体语言是用于创造意义的一套代码和惯例。对于电影和电视等动态影像产品，镜头工作是核心。你学习识别镜头类型：大特写（ECU）表现情感或细节，远景（LS）建立环境，而俯拍镜头可以使角色看起来脆弱。
Composition is how visual elements are arranged within the frame. The rule of thirds divides the screen into a 3×3 grid, and placing a subject on the intersection points creates a balanced, interesting image. Leading lines, symmetry and depth of field are other simple tools you start to spot.
构图是指视觉元素在画面中的排列方式。三分法将屏幕分成3×3的网格，将主体放在交叉点上可以创造出平衡、有趣的图像。引导线、对称和景深是你开始识别出的其他简单工具。
5. Layout and Colour in Print Media | 印刷媒体中的版面与色彩
When analysing a magazine cover, poster or newspaper front page, layout matters. You look at the masthead (title), headline, cover lines, main image and colour palette. All these elements work together to attract the reader and signal the tone of the publication. A busy layout suggests excitement or breaking news, while a clean, minimalist layout might suggest sophistication.
在分析杂志封面、海报或报纸头版时，版面设计很重要。你观察报头（标题）、标题、封面文字、主图和色彩搭配。所有这些元素共同作用以吸引读者，并表明出版物的基调。忙碌的版面暗示兴奋或突发新闻，而简洁、极简的版面可能暗示精致。
Colour carries meaning. Red can indicate danger, passion or urgency; blue often suggests calm, trust or technology; green is associated with nature and health. Understanding colour symbolism helps you decode the hidden messages in a media text, whether it is a film poster or a cereal box.
色彩承载着意义。红色可以表示危险、激情或紧急；蓝色通常暗示平静、信任或科技；绿色与自然和健康相关。理解色彩象征有助于你解码媒体文本中的隐藏信息，无论是电影海报还是麦片盒。
6. Sound and Music in Media | 媒体中的声音与音乐
Sound is a powerful storytelling tool. In film and television, diegetic sound is any noise that exists within the story world, such as a character’s dialogue or a door slamming. Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only, like a dramatic music score or a narrator’s voice-over. This distinction helps you understand how mood and information are layered.
声音是一种强大的叙事工具。在电影和电视中，剧情声是指存在于故事世界中的任何声音，例如角色的对话或门的砰然关上。非剧情声是仅为观众添加的，例如戏剧性的配乐或旁白。这种区分有助于你理解氛围和信息是如何叠加的。
Music sets the emotional tone. A slow, minor-key piano piece can create sadness, while fast-paced, upbeat music generates excitement. Even in radio ads or podcasts, sound effects (SFX) and jingles make the product memorable. Year 7 students learn to describe how sound makes them feel and why a producer might have chosen it.
音乐设定情感基调。缓慢、小调的钢琴曲可以制造悲伤，而快节奏、欢快的音乐则产生兴奋感。即使在广播广告或播客中，音效（SFX）和广告短歌也让产品令人难忘。7年级学生学习描述声音带给他们的感受，以及制作人为何会选择它。
7. Representation and Stereotypes | 再现与刻板印象
Representation is how media texts show people, places, events and ideas. It is not a neutral mirror of reality; it is a constructed version. For example, a news report might represent a city as dangerous by only selecting footage of crime, while a travel show might show the same city as vibrant and cultural. You learn to ask: who is being represented, and how?
再现是指媒体文本如何呈现人物、地点、事件和观念。它不是现实的镜子，而是一个建构的版本。例如，一则新闻报道可能仅选择犯罪镜头，将一座城市再现为危险的，而一档旅游节目可能将同一座城市展示为充满活力和文化气息的。你学习提问：谁被再现了？如何再现的？
Stereotypes are simplified, often exaggerated representations of groups of people. You might see stereotypes based on gender, age, ethnicity or profession in cartoons, adverts or sitcoms. Year 7 encourages you to recognise stereotypes, understand why they are used (as shortcuts for quick audience understanding) and think about the harm they can cause when overused.
刻板印象是对人群的简化、往往夸张的再现。你可能会在卡通、广告或情景喜剧中看到基于性别、年龄、种族或职业的刻板印象。7年级鼓励你识别刻板印象，理解它们为何被使用（作为受众快速理解的捷径），并思考当它们被过度使用时可能造成的伤害。
8. Narrative and Genre | 叙事与类型
Narrative is the structure of a story. Many stories follow a simple arc: beginning (setup, characters introduced), middle (conflict or problem arises), and end (resolution). This is often called the classic three-act structure. You also learn about narrative devices such as flashbacks, cliffhangers and plot twists that keep audiences engaged.
叙事是故事的结构。许多故事遵循一个简单的弧线：开端（设定，角色介绍）、中段（冲突或问题出现）和结尾（解决）。这通常被称为经典的三幕式结构。你还学习闪回、悬念和剧情转折等叙事手法，这些手法保持观众的参与度。
Genre is a category of media text with familiar features. In film, common genres include action, comedy, horror, science fiction and romance. Genres use conventions – typical characters, settings, props and music – that audiences expect. Recognising genre helps you predict what might happen and allows you to compare texts within the same category.
类型是一类具有熟悉特征的媒体文本。在电影中，常见的类型包括动作、喜剧、恐怖、科幻和爱情。类型使用惯例——受众期望的典型角色、场景、道具和音乐。识别类型有助于你预测可能发生的事情，并让你比较同一类别中的文本。
9. Analysing Advertisements | 分析广告
Advertising is one of the most direct forms of media persuasion. In Year 7, you learn to break down an advert using the AIDA model: Attention (grab the viewer’s interest), Interest (make them want to know more), Desire (create a wish to own the product), Action (encourage them to buy or sign up). This simple framework reveals how adverts are carefully designed.
广告是最直接的媒体说服形式之一。在7年级，你学习使用AIDA模型分解广告：注意力（吸引观众的兴趣）、兴趣（让他们想了解更多）、欲望（制造拥有产品的愿望）、行动（鼓励他们购买或注册）。这个简单的框架揭示了广告是如何被精心设计的。
You also look at persuasion techniques such as celebrity endorsement, repetition, emotional appeal and the use of slogans. Whether it is a print advert for trainers or a video commercial for a theme park, asking ‘how is this trying to persuade me?’ is the starting point of media analysis.
你还研究说服技巧，如名人代言、重复、情感诉求和广告语的使用。无论是运动鞋的平面广告还是主题公园的视频广告，问自己’这则广告如何试图说服我？’是媒体分析的起点。
10. Digital Media and Online Safety | 数字媒体与网络安全
Digital media is a huge part of your world. From social networking sites like Instagram and TikTok to video-sharing platforms and gaming communities, digital media allows users to be creators as well as consumers. Year 7 Media Studies covers the concept of user-generated content (UGC) and the way algorithms shape what you see online.
数字媒体是你世界的一大部分。从Instagram和TikTok等社交网站到视频分享平台和游戏社区，数字媒体让用户既是消费者也是创造者。7年级媒体研究涵盖了用户生成内容（UGC）的概念，以及算法如何塑造你在线上看到的内容。
An important topic is media literacy for online safety. You discuss issues such as clickbait, fake news, echo chambers and digital footprints. Learning to evaluate the reliability of a website, recognising sponsored content and protecting personal information are essential skills for a responsible media user.
一个重要主题是面向网络安全的媒体素养。你们讨论点击诱饵、假新闻、信息茧房和数字足迹等问题。学习评估网站的可靠性、识别赞助内容以及保护个人信息是负责任的媒体用户的基本技能。
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