📚 Year 7 CAIE Physical Education: Key Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential guide for mastering the key terminology in Year 7 CAIE Physical Education. Learning the language of sport and exercise helps you understand how your body works, follow instructions accurately, and discuss performance with confidence. This bilingual guide pairs every English term with its Chinese equivalent, making it easier to remember and apply in both theory and practical lessons.
欢迎阅读 Year 7 CAIE 体育课程核心术语速记指南。掌握运动与锻炼的专业语言，有助于你理解身体的运作方式、准确听从指令，并自信地讨论运动表现。这份双语指南将每个英文术语与对应的中文配对，让你更轻松地记忆，并在理论课和实践课中灵活运用。
1. Cardiovascular Endurance & Aerobic Exercise | 心血管耐力与有氧运动
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles during sustained activity. Aerobic exercise, such as jogging or cycling, uses oxygen to produce energy and can be performed for extended periods.
心血管耐力指心脏、肺和血管在持续运动中将氧气输送到工作肌肉的能力。有氧运动，如慢跑或骑自行车，利用氧气产生能量，可以长时间进行。
When you improve your cardiovascular endurance, your resting heart rate often becomes lower, and you recover faster after exercise. This is a key component of overall fitness and is tested in activities like the bleep test or the 12-minute Cooper run.
当你提高心血管耐力时，安静心率通常会降低，运动后恢复也更快。这是整体体能的关键组成部分，在哔哔声测试或 Cooper 12 分钟跑等活动中会得到测试。
2. Anaerobic Exercise & Power | 无氧运动与爆发力
Anaerobic exercise involves short, intense bursts of activity where the body does not rely on oxygen for energy production. Instead, it uses stored energy sources, leading to the build-up of lactic acid. Sprinting, high jump and weightlifting are classic examples.
无氧运动涉及短时间、高强度的活动，身体不依赖氧气供能，而是使用储存的能量来源，导致乳酸堆积。冲刺、跳高和举重是经典例子。
Power is the combination of strength and speed – the ability to exert maximum force in the shortest time. A shot putter uses power, just as a basketball player does when jumping for a rebound.
爆发力是力量与速度的结合——在最短时间内发挥最大力量的能力。铅球运动员利用爆发力，篮球运动员抢篮板时也是如此。
3. Speed & Agility | 速度与敏捷性
Speed is the ability to move the body or parts of the body quickly. In sport, this often means covering a distance in the shortest time possible, like a 100-metre dash. Good speed relies on fast-twitch muscle fibres and efficient technique.
速度是快速移动身体或身体部分的能力。在运动中，这通常意味着在尽可能短的时间内通过一段距离，如 100 米短跑。良好的速度依赖于快缩肌纤维和高效的技术。
Agility is the ability to change direction quickly and accurately while maintaining control. It combines balance, coordination and speed. Sports like football, rugby and badminton demand high levels of agility to dodge opponents or reach the shuttle.
敏捷性是在保持控制的同时快速准确改变方向的能力。它结合了平衡、协调与速度。足球、橄榄球和羽毛球等运动需要高水平的敏捷性，以躲避对手或接到球。
4. Balance & Coordination | 平衡与协调性
Balance is the ability to keep the body stable whether you are moving or staying still. Static balance is holding a pose, like a gymnast’s handstand, while dynamic balance is maintaining control during movement, such as landing from a jump.
平衡是无论你在移动还是静止，都能保持身体稳定的能力。静态平衡是保持一个姿势，如体操运动员的倒立；动态平衡则是在运动中保持控制，如跳跃落地。
Coordination is the smooth and efficient working together of your senses, brain and muscles. Hand–eye coordination lets you catch a ball; foot–eye coordination helps you kick a moving ball. These skills develop with practice and are fundamental to nearly every sport.
协调性是你的感官、大脑和肌肉顺畅高效地协同工作。手眼协调让你能接住球；脚眼协调帮助你踢到移动的球。这些技能通过练习发展，是几乎所有运动的基础。
5. Flexibility & Reaction Time | 柔韧性与反应时间
Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. Stretching exercises, such as static stretches held for 10–30 seconds, can improve flexibility and help prevent injuries. Gymnasts and dancers often display exceptional flexibility.
柔韧性是关节可能的活动范围。拉伸练习，如保持 10–30 秒的静态拉伸，可以提高柔韧性，并有助于预防受伤。体操运动员和舞者通常表现出非凡的柔韧性。
Reaction time is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. A sprinter reacting to the starting pistol or a goalkeeper diving to save a penalty both depend on fast reaction time. It can be trained through specific drills and improved concentration.
反应时间是对刺激作出反应所需的时间。短跑运动员回应发令枪，或守门员扑救点球，都依赖快速的反应时间。可以通过专门练习和提高专注力来训练。
6. Strength & Muscular Endurance | 力量与肌肉耐力
Strength is the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance. Activities like push-ups, lifting weights, or tug-of-war require strength. Building strength often involves working against heavy loads with low repetitions.
力量是肌肉或肌群克服阻力时所能发挥的最大力量。俯卧撑、举重或拔河等活动都需要力量。增强力量通常涉及大负荷、低次数的练习。
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to keep working over a period of time without getting tired. Holding a plank or doing many sit-ups tests muscular endurance. It is vital for long-distance running, cycling and swimming.
肌肉耐力是肌肉在一段时间内持续工作而不疲劳的能力。保持平板支撑或做大量仰卧起坐都是在测试肌肉耐力。它对长跑、骑行和游泳至关重要。
7. Warm-up & Cool-down | 热身与放松
A warm-up prepares the body for exercise by gradually increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles and joint mobility. It typically includes a pulse raiser (like light jogging), dynamic stretches and sport-specific drills. Warming up reduces injury risk and improves performance.
热身通过逐渐提高心率、肌肉血流量和关节灵活性，让身体为运动做好准备。通常包括提升心率的环节（如慢跑）、动态拉伸和专项练习。热身可降低受伤风险并提升运动表现。
A cool-down returns the body to its resting state gradually. It involves gentle activity, such as walking, and static stretching to prevent muscle stiffness and aid recovery. Never stop moving abruptly after intense exercise.
放松活动让身体逐步恢复到安静状态。包括轻微活动，如步行，以及静态拉伸，以防止肌肉僵硬并促进恢复。高强度运动后切勿突然停下。
8. Heart Rate & Recovery | 心率与恢复
Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm). A typical resting heart rate for a 12-year-old is between 70 and 100 bpm. During exercise, heart rate increases to supply more oxygen-rich blood to the muscles.
心率是每分钟心跳的次数（bpm）。12 岁少年的典型安静心率在 70 到 100 bpm 之间。运动时，心率会加快，以便为肌肉提供更多富氧血液。
Recovery heart rate is how quickly your heart rate drops after exercise. A faster decline indicates better cardiovascular fitness. You can measure recovery by taking your pulse one minute after stopping exercise and comparing it with your exercising heart rate.
恢复心率是指运动后心率下降的速度。下降越快，说明心血管机能越好。你可以在停止运动一分钟后测量脉搏，并与运动时的心率比较，来评估恢复能力。
9. Key Muscles & Bones | 主要肌肉与骨骼
In Year 7 PE, you should recognise major muscles such as biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings, abdominals and deltoids. Knowing these names helps you describe which muscles are working during different exercises, like biceps in a bicep curl or quadriceps in a squat.
在 Year 7 体育中，你应认识主要肌肉，如肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌、腹肌和三角肌。了解这些名称有助于你描述不同练习中哪些肌肉在用力，比如肱二头肌在哑铃弯举中，股四头肌在深蹲中。
Bones provide support and protection. Key bones include the skull, clavicle, scapula, humerus, ribs, spine, pelvis, femur, tibia and fibula. Simple knowledge of the skeleton helps in understanding movement and injury prevention.
骨骼提供支撑与保护。主要骨骼包括头骨、锁骨、肩胛骨、肱骨、肋骨、脊柱、骨盆、股骨、胫骨和腓骨。对骨骼的基本了解有助于理解运动和预防受伤。
10. Movement Terms & Planes | 动作术语与运动平面
Flexion is bending a joint, like bending the elbow; extension is straightening it. Abduction is moving a limb away from the body’s midline; adduction is bringing it back. Rotation is turning around an axis, such as twisting the trunk.
屈曲是弯曲关节，如弯肘；伸展是伸直关节。外展是肢体远离身体中线；内收是收回。旋转是绕轴转动，如转体。
Movements occur in different planes: the sagittal plane divides left and right (forward and backward movements), the frontal plane divides front and back (side-to-side movements), and the transverse plane divides top and bottom (rotational movements). Understanding these helps analyse sports technique.
动作发生在不同的平面：矢状面将身体分为左右（前后运动），额状面分为前后（侧向运动），水平面分为上下（旋转运动）。理解这些有助于分析运动技术。
11. Skill-Related Fitness Components | 技能相关体能要素
Besides health-related components like cardiovascular endurance and strength, PE also teaches skill-related fitness: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed. These six terms form the basis for analysing sport performance and are often tested in written exams.
除了心血管耐力和力量等健康相关要素，体育课还教授技能相关体能：敏捷性、平衡、协调、爆发力、反应时间和速度。这六个术语构成了分析运动表现的基础，常出现在书面考试中。
For example, a tennis player needs coordination to hit the ball, speed to reach it, agility to change direction, and power for the serve. By mixing these components, you can describe any athlete’s strengths and weaknesses.
例如，网球运动员需要协调性来击球，速度来到位，敏捷性来改变方向，以及爆发力来发球。通过结合这些要素，你可以描述任何运动员的优势与不足。
12. Sports-Specific Terms & Equipment | 专项运动术语与器材
Familiarise yourself with common equipment names in major sports: football boots, shin pads, tennis racket, shuttlecock, cricket bat, stumps, and swimming goggles. Using the correct vocabulary shows understanding and keeps you safe – for example, knowing that shin pads are compulsory in football.
熟悉主要运动中的常用器材名称：足球鞋、护腿板、网球拍、羽毛球、板球棒、三柱门和泳镜。使用正确的词汇表明你的理解，也能保证安全——例如，知道护腿板在足球中是必须的。
Learn the basic playing positions in team sports: goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, forward in football; guard, forward, centre in basketball. Terms like ‘offside’, ‘penalty kick’, ‘free throw’ or ‘try’ are also part of the CAIE PE vocabulary you should recognise.
学习团队运动中的基本位置：足球中的守门员、后卫、中场、前锋；篮球中的后卫、前锋、中锋。像‘越位’、‘点球’、‘罚球’或‘达阵’等术语也是 CAIE 体育词汇中你应该认识的。
When you link these terms to the rules and skills you practise in class, you build a strong foundation not only for PE success but also for a healthy, active lifestyle.
当你将这些术语与课堂上练习的规则和技能联系起来时，你不仅为体育课的成功奠定了坚实基础，也为健康积极的生活方式打下了根基。
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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