Year 9 WJEC Politics: Speaking & Listening Revision Guide | Year 9 WJEC 政治：口语与听力备考专项

📚 Year 9 WJEC Politics: Speaking & Listening Revision Guide | Year 9 WJEC 政治：口语与听力备考专项

Speaking and listening are at the heart of political engagement. In Year 9 WJEC Politics, you are expected to express opinions clearly, participate in structured debates, and listen critically to political messages, from parliamentary speeches to campaign broadcasts. This revision guide is designed to help you build the confidence and skills needed for oral assessments and classroom discussions by focusing on effective speaking techniques, active listening strategies, and the analysis of political language.

口语与听力是政治参与的核心。在 WJEC 九年级政治课程中，你需要清晰地表达观点、参与结构化辩论，并批判性地聆听从议会演讲到竞选广播的各种政治信息。本备考指南通过强化有效的说话技巧、主动倾听策略以及政治语言分析，帮助你建立口语评估和课堂讨论所需的信心与能力。

1. The Importance of Oracy in Politics | 口才在政治中的重要性

Oracy – the ability to express oneself fluently and grammatically in speech – is fundamental to democratic life. Politicians use speeches to persuade voters, MPs use debate to challenge government policy, and citizens use verbal arguments to influence decision-making. In your Year 9 course, you will practise these very skills, learning how to stand your ground with logic and respect.

口才——即流利且合乎语法地进行口头表达的能力——是民主生活的基石。政治家通过演讲来说服选民，议员通过辩论挑战政府政策，而公民则运用口头论据影响决策。在九年级课程中，你将练习这些技能，学会如何以逻辑和尊重的态度坚持自己的立场。

Every political speech is crafted with a purpose: to inform, to persuade, to inspire or to criticise. Recognising this purpose while preparing your own talk will help you stay focused and impactful. The WJEC syllabus places a strong emphasis on promoting oracy across the curriculum, so speaking and listening tasks are not just a box to tick but a genuine preparation for active citizenship.

每篇政治演讲都带着明确的目的：告知、说服、激励或批评。在准备自己的发言时认识到这一点，能帮助你保持专注并产生影响力。WJEC 大纲非常强调在整个课程中培养口才能力，因此口语和听力任务不仅是形式上的要求，更是为积极公民身份所做的真正准备。

2. Key Political Vocabulary for Speeches | 演讲中的关键政治词汇

Building a strong political lexicon is the first step towards confident speaking. Below is a table of terms that will enrich your oral work and help you follow more complex political discussions when listening.

建立扎实的政治词汇是自信表达的第一步。下表列出了一些术语，能够丰富你的口头表达，并在聆听时帮助你跟上更复杂的政治讨论。

English Term	Definition	中文术语	定义
Democracy	A system of government by the whole population, usually through elected representatives.	民主	由全体人民，通常通过选举出的代表进行治理的制度。
Manifesto	A public declaration of policy and aims, especially by a political party before an election.	宣言；竞选纲领	政策与目标的公开声明，尤指政党在选举前发布的。
Electorate	All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.	选民	国家或地区内有权在选举中投票的所有民众。
Constituency	A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.	选区	居民选出一名代表进入立法机构的地理区域。
Referendum	A direct vote by the electorate on a specific proposal or issue.	公投	选民就某一具体提案或议题进行的直接投票。
Backbencher	An MP who does not hold a ministerial or shadow ministerial position.	后座议员	不担任部长或影子部长职务的普通议员。
Rhetoric	The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, often using figures of speech.	修辞	有效或有说服力的说话或写作艺术，常借助修辞格。

Learning these terms allows you to speak with precision and catch subtle meanings when listening to political broadcasts. Try to use at least three of these terms in any practice speech.

掌握这些术语能让你表达更精准，并在聆听政治广播时捕捉到微妙的含义。在每次练习演讲中，尽量使用至少三个术语。

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3. Structuring a Political Speech | 构建一篇政治演讲

A well-organised speech is easier for your audience to follow and remember. The classic structure – introduction, body, conclusion – can be adapted for political contexts. Begin by greeting your audience and clearly stating your position. The body should present three key arguments supported by evidence or examples. Finally, summarise your main points and end with a memorable call to action.

一篇组织有序的演讲更容易让听众理解和记住。经典的结构——引言、主体、结论——可以适用于政治情境。首先问候听众并明确陈述你的立场。主体部分应提出三个关键论点，并辅以证据或实例。最后，总结主要观点，并以令人难忘的行动号召结束。

Use signposting language to guide listeners: ‘Firstly, I would argue that…’, ‘In addition, evidence shows…’, ‘To sum up…’. This framework not only boosts clarity but also demonstrates your ability to construct a logical argument – a key assessment criterion in WJEC speaking tasks.

运用指示性语言来引导听众：“首先，我认为……”，“此外，证据表明……”，“总而言之……”。这一框架不仅提升清晰度，也展示了你构建逻辑论证的能力，这是 WJEC 口语任务中的一项关键评估标准。

4. Tools of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos and Logos | 说服工具：信誉、情感与逻辑

Aristotle’s three modes of persuasion remain central to political speech-making. Ethos establishes the speaker’s credibility and authority. Pathos appeals to the audience’s emotions, while logos relies on reason and evidence. A strong political talk often blends all three. For example, a speech about climate change might open with a personal anecdote (ethos), then show alarming statistics (logos), and close with an emotional appeal to protect future generations (pathos).

亚里士多德的三种说服模式仍然是政治演讲的核心。信誉（ethos）用于确立发言者的可信度和权威性；情感（pathos）用于激发听众的情绪；逻辑（logos）则依靠理性与证据。一次有力的政治演讲常常融合三者。例如，关于气候变化的演讲可能以个人轶事开头（ethos），然后展示令人警觉的数据（logos），最后以保护后代的情感呼吁收尾（pathos）。

When listening to political messages, try to identify which mode is being used. This critical awareness will also help you make your own speeches more persuasive and balanced.

在聆听政治信息时，尝试辨别正在使用的说服模式。这种批判性意识也有助于使你的演讲更具说服力且平衡。

5. Active Listening Techniques | 主动倾听技巧

Listening in politics is not passive – it requires concentration, analysis and evaluation. Active listening means paying full attention to the speaker, noting not only the words but also tone, pace and emphasis. Practise summarising a short political clip in your own words immediately after hearing it. Ask yourself: What was the main message? Which arguments were used? Was there any bias?

政治中的倾听不是被动的——它需要集中注意力、分析和评价。主动倾听意味着全神贯注于说话者，不仅注意用词，还要留意语气、语速和强调。练习在听完一段简短的政治片段后立即用自己的话进行总结。问自己：主要信息是什么？使用了哪些论点？是否存在任何偏见？

In Year 9 assessments, you may be asked to listen to a short speech or radio report and answer questions. Effective note-taking is essential. Use a simple grid: main claim, evidence, rhetorical device, and your response. This method trains your ear for detail and strengthens memory.

在九年级评估中，你可能会被要求聆听一段简短的演讲或广播报道并回答问题。有效的笔记必不可少。使用一个简单的表格：主要主张、证据、修辞手法以及你的回应。这种方法能训练你对细节的听力并增强记忆力。

6. Analysing Political Rhetoric | 分析政治修辞

Politicians often use rhetorical devices to make their message more memorable. Common techniques include repetition (‘We shall fight on the beaches…’), rhetorical questions (‘How long must we wait?’), rule of three (‘…life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness’), and metaphor (‘the ship of state’). Recognising these devices when listening helps you look beyond the surface and understand the intended effect.

政治家经常运用修辞手法使信息更加难忘。常见手法包括重复（“我们将在海滩战斗……”）、反问（“我们还要等多久？”）、三连列（“……生命、自由和追求幸福”）以及隐喻（“国家之船”）。在倾听时识别这些手法有助于你看透表面，理解其意图效果。

When you deliver your own speech, deliberately include at least one rhetorical device. For instance, a speech on youth participation could use the rule of three: ‘We need to educate, engage, and empower young people.’ The deliberate use of such devices demonstrates advanced speaking skills.

当你发表自己的演讲时，刻意加入至少一种修辞手法。例如，关于青年参与的演讲可以使用三连列：“我们需要教育青年、吸引青年并赋予青年权力。”有意识使用这些手法能展示出高级的说话技巧。

7. Engaging in Political Debate | 参与政治辩论

Debate sharpens your ability to think on your feet and to respect opposing viewpoints. In a typical WJEC classroom debate, you will be assigned a side – proposition or opposition – on a motion, such as ‘This House believes that voting should be compulsory from age 16.’ You need to prepare a clear case, anticipate counter-arguments, and deliver your points within a set time.

辩论能磨砺你即席思考的能力以及尊重对立观点的态度。在典型的 WJEC 课堂辩论中，你会就某个动议（例如“本院认为应从16岁起实施强制投票”）被分配到正方或反方。你需要准备清晰的论据，预判反驳论点，并在规定时间内陈述观点。

Key debate phrases include: ‘I firmly believe that…’, ‘My opponent claims that… however…’, ‘The point I am making is…’, and ‘To rebut that argument…’. During listening, you must note key points made by the other side so that you can respond directly. This active engagement is highly valued in speaking and listening assessments.

关键辩论用语包括：“我坚信……”，“我的对手声称……然而……”，“我要强调的是……”，“要反驳那个论点……”。在倾听过程中，你必须记录对方的要点，以便直接回应。这种积极参与在口语与听力评估中极受重视。

8. Understanding Bias and Perspective | 理解偏见与观点

All political communication carries some perspective. Bias is not always a bad thing – everyone has a viewpoint – but as a critical listener you must be able to detect one-sided or distorted information. Look for loaded language (‘disastrous’, ‘miraculous’), selective facts, or an overly emotional tone without supporting evidence.

所有的政治传播都带有一定观点。偏见不总是坏事——每个人都有自己的视角——但作为批判性倾听者，你必须能够察觉片面或歪曲的信息。留意倾向性语言（如“灾难性的”“奇迹般的”）、选择性事实，或者缺乏证据支持的过度情绪化语气。

When preparing your own talk, be honest about your stance but strive for fairness. You can acknowledge the other side: ‘Some may argue that… however I believe…’. This balanced approach improves your credibility and reflects the WJEC emphasis on reflective, responsible citizenship.

在准备自己的发言时，要诚实地表明立场，但力求公平。你可以认可相反观点：“有人或许会认为……然而我相信……”。这种平衡的方法提升了你的可信度，反映了 WJEC 对反思性、负责任的公民素养的重视。

9. Mock Listening Task: Prime Minister’s Questions | 模拟听力任务：首相问答

Listen carefully to this adapted excerpt from a Prime Minister’s Questions session (read by your teacher or played from a clip). Then answer the questions that follow.

仔细听这段改编自首相问答环节的摘录（由教师朗读或播放视频片段）。然后回答以下问题。

Transcript excerpt: ‘I say to the Right Honourable Gentleman that under this government, employment has risen by 3 million. His party left a legacy of economic chaos. We are building a fairer Britain, brick by brick, while they offer nothing but empty slogans.’

录音文字摘录：“我要对这位尊敬的先生指出，在本届政府领导下，就业人数增加了三百万。他的政党留下的是经济混乱的遗产。我们正在一砖一瓦地建设一个更加公平的英国，而他们提供的只是空洞的口号。”

Questions:
1. What is the main claim made by the speaker?
2. Identify one rhetorical device used in the extract.
3. What contrast is the speaker drawing between his own party and the opposition?
4. In one sentence, summarise the tone of the extract.

问题：
1. 说话者提出的主要主张是什么？
2. 指出摘录中使用的一种修辞手法。
3. 说话者在他自己的政党与反对党之间进行了怎样的对比？
4. 用一句话概括摘录的语气。

Practising with such extracts trains you to extract information quickly and to evaluate the speaker’s techniques. You will find similar short-response tasks in your end-of-unit assessments.

用此类摘录进行练习，能够训练你快速提取信息并评价说话者的技巧。在单元结束后评估中，你将遇到类似的简短回答任务。

10. Mock Speaking Task: One-Minute Manifesto | 模拟口语任务：一分钟宣言

Your task is to deliver a one-minute speech on a political issue that matters to you. Choose from: climate action, lowering the voting age, free school meals for all, or funding for youth mental health services. Your speech must include an introduction, at least two arguments, one rhetorical device, and a strong closing statement.

你的任务是就一个你关心的政治议题发表一分钟演讲。选题包括：气候行动、降低投票年龄、全民免费校餐、或青少年心理健康服务资助。你的演讲必须包含引言、至少两个论点、一种修辞手法和一个强有力的结尾。

Here is a sample opening: ‘Fellow students, every day we hear about the climate crisis, but our voices are missing from the decisions that will shape our future. I believe it is time to lower the voting age to 16 because young people deserve a say on the planet they will inherit.’ Record yourself, listen back, and self-evaluate using the criteria of clarity, persuasiveness, and use of political language.

以下是一个示例开头：“同学们，我们每天都能听到气候危机的消息，但我们的声音却缺席于那些将塑造未来的决策。我认为现在是时候将投票年龄降低到16岁，因为年轻人应该在关乎他们将继承的这颗星球的问题上有发言权。”录下自己的演讲，回放后进行自评，评估标准包括清晰度、说服力和政治语言的使用。

11. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误及避免方法

Many students lose marks by speaking too quickly, which makes it hard for listeners to follow their argument. Practise at a moderate pace, pausing after each key point. Another common pitfall is failing to structure the speech, resulting in a rambling collection of ideas. Always use a clear plan or bullet points, even for impromptu talks.

许多学生因语速过快而失分，这使得听众难以跟上其论证。练习时保持适中的语速，在每个关键点之后停顿。另一个常见陷阱是演讲缺乏结构，导致观点散乱。即使对于即兴发言，也始终使用清晰的提纲或要点。

When listening, avoid allowing your own opinions to block out what is being said. You can disagree strongly, but your first task is to understand the speaker’s argument accurately. Paraphrasing before responding is a good habit: ‘If I understand correctly, you are saying that…’ This ensures engaged and respectful dialogue.

在倾听时，避免让自己的观点阻碍理解所述内容。你可以强烈反对，但首要任务是准确理解说话者的论点。在回应前先概述是很好的习惯：“如果我理解正确，你是说……”。这确保了投入且相互尊重的对话。

12. Final Tips and Revision Checklist | 最后提示与复习清单

As you prepare for your speaking and listening assessment, keep this checklist handy:
– I can define and use ten political key terms.
– I know how to structure a speech with an introduction, body and conclusion.
– I can identify ethos, pathos and logos in a political message.
– I practise active listening by summarising and questioning what I hear.
– I can detect bias and recognise rhetorical devices.
– I have practised both prepared and impromptu speaking.

在你准备口语与听力评估时，备好这份清单：
– 我能定义并使用十个政治关键术语。
– 我知道如何用引言、主体和结论来构建一篇演讲。
– 我能识别政治信息中的 ethos、pathos 和 logos。
– 我通过总结和提问来练习主动倾听。
– 我能察觉偏见并识别修辞手法。
– 我练习过有准备的演讲和即兴发言。

Speaking and listening are skills that improve with practice. Discuss current affairs with your family, watch clips of parliamentary debates, and regularly record your own short speeches. The more you engage with political language, the more natural and powerful your own voice will become. Good luck in your WJEC assessment – your voice matters.

口语和听力是可以通过练习提高的技能。与家人讨论时事，观看议会辩论片段，并定期录下自己的短篇演讲。你越多地接触政治语言，你自己的声音就会变得越自然、越有力量。祝你在 WJEC 评估中顺利——你的声音至关重要。

Published by TutorHao | Politics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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