Mastering Speaking and Listening for CIE Media Studies | CIE 媒体研究口语与听力备考指南

📚 Mastering Speaking and Listening for CIE Media Studies | CIE 媒体研究口语与听力备考指南

In the Cambridge International AS & A Level Media Studies (9607) syllabus, spoken‑word and audio‑based media play a central role in both the examined components and the coursework portfolio. Whether you are analysing a radio programme, creating a podcast opening, or preparing for an oral presentation on your production work, a solid grasp of speaking and listening skills is essential. This article provides a comprehensive revision guide to help Year 12 students sharpen these skills for success.

在剑桥国际 AS & A Level 媒体研究 (9607) 大纲中，口语和以音频为基础的媒体在考试与课程作业中都占据核心地位。无论你是在分析广播节目、制作播客片头，还是为作品的口头陈述做好准备，扎实的口语与听力技能都不可或缺。本文提供一份全面的备考指南，帮助 Year 12 学生磨炼这些技能以取得成功。

1. Understanding the Role of Speech and Sound in Media | 理解言语与声音在媒体中的作用

Before diving into exam techniques, you must appreciate why speech and sound matter in media texts. Sound conveys mood, character, and information; the human voice can build intimacy, authority, or persuasion. In radio, podcasting, and television, dialogue and narration are often the primary carriers of meaning. Analysing how vocal delivery (pace, tone, pitch, accent) and sound design (ambience, music, silence) shape audience response is a fundamental skill.

在深入探讨考试技巧之前，你必须理解言语与声音在媒体文本中的重要性。声音传递情绪、角色和信息；人声能够营造亲切感、权威感或说服力。在广播、播客和电视中，对话与旁白往往是意义的主要载体。分析声音表达（语速、语调、音高、口音）和声音设计（环境音、音乐、静默）如何塑造观众反应，是一项基本技能。

In your exam, you may be asked to discuss how an extract uses speech and sound to target a specific audience or to construct representation. Always link technical choices to meanings and possible effects.

在考试中，你可能会被要求讨论一段摘录如何利用言语和声音来瞄准特定受众或构建表征。始终将技术选择与意义及可能的效果联系起来。

2. Key Terminology for Spoken‑Word Media | 口语媒体的关键术语

To write analytically about speech and sound, you need a toolkit of precise media terms. Some essential terms include:

要善于分析言语和声音，你需要一套精确的媒体术语。以下是一些关键术语：

Diegetic sound – sound originating from within the story world (e.g. dialogue, footsteps)
Non‑diegetic sound – sound added for the audience, not heard by characters (e.g. voice‑over narration, soundtrack)
Foley – reproduced everyday sound effects added in post‑production
Ambient sound – background noise that sets the scene’s atmosphere
Mode of address – the way a media text ‘speaks’ to its audience (formal, informal, direct, indirect)
Pace and rhythm – the speed and flow of speech or editing
Vocal qualifiers – non‑verbal elements of speech such as sighs, laughs, hesitation

中文对应术语：剧情声音（故事世界内的声音）、非剧情声音（为观众添加的声音）、拟音、环境声、话语方式、语速与节奏、声音修饰。

Make flashcards for these terms and practise applying them to unseen audio clips.

为这些术语制作抽认卡，并练习将它们应用于未接触过的音频片段。

3. Analysing Radio and Podcast Extracts | 分析广播与播客片段

Paper 1 and Paper 2 may feature radio advertisements, news bulletins, or podcast introductions. When analysing, break down the extract into the following elements:

试卷一和试卷二可能会涉及广播广告、新闻简报或播客介绍。分析时，将片段分解为以下要素：

1. Institutional context: Who produced this? For what platform? What are the commercial or public‑service goals?

2. Target audience: What evidence of audience targeting can you hear (language, music, accent, topics)?

3. Representation: How are people, places, or issues represented through voice and sound? Consider stereotypes or counter‑types.

4. Narrative and structure: How does the extract grab attention, develop interest, and close? Note the use of hooks, jingles, and calls to action.

1. 机构背景：谁制作的？面向什么平台？商业或公共服务的目标是什么？

2. 目标受众：你能听出哪些受众定位的证据（语言、音乐、口音、话题）？

3. 表征：人、地点或议题如何通过声音被呈现？考虑刻板印象或反刻板印象。

4. 叙事与结构：片段如何抓住注意力、展开兴趣并收尾？留意引子、广告曲和行动号召的运用。

Always quote specific moments: “At 0:45 the presenter’s tone shifts from cheerful to solemn, signalling a change in topic.” This demonstrates close listening.

始终引用具体时刻：“在 0 分 45 秒处，主持人的语气从欢快转为严肃，暗示了话题的转变。”这体现了仔细听辨。

4. Creating Your Own Audio Production: Coursework Planning | 制作你自己的音频作品：课程作业规划

For the Foundation Portfolio or Advanced Portfolio, you may be required to produce an audio sequence such as the opening of a radio programme or podcast. Your speaking and listening skills will be directly assessed. Start with a clear brief and target audience. Ask: What is the programme’s genre (news, chat, drama, documentary)? Who is the ideal listener? What tone and style will you adopt?

在基础作品集或高级作品集中，你可能需要制作一段音频序列，例如广播节目或播客的开头。你的口语和听力技能将直接受到评估。从明确的概要说明和目标受众开始。问自己：节目属于什么类型（新闻、谈话、戏剧、纪录片）？理想听众是谁？你将采用什么格调与风格？

Write a script that sounds natural when spoken aloud. Read it to friends, record it, and revise any lines that feel awkward. Pay attention to pacing—leave space for silence and music. Create a shot list, but for audio: list sound effects, music cues, and voice parts in order.

写一份朗读时听起来自然的脚本。读给朋友听，录下来，修改任何别扭的句子。注意节奏——为沉默和音乐留出空间。为音频制作一份声音清单：按顺序列出音效、音乐提示和语音部分。

5. Vocal Performance Techniques for Recording | 录音时的声音表演技巧

Your vocal delivery can make or break an audio product. Practise these techniques:

你的声音表达可能成就或毁掉一个音频作品。练习以下技巧：

Breath control: Breathe from your diaphragm to avoid running out of air mid‑sentence.
Pitch and inflection: Vary your pitch to emphasise keywords and avoid monotony. Rising inflection can suggest a question; falling inflection, finality.
Articulation: Pronounce consonants clearly, especially at the ends of words. Avoid mumbling.
Pace: Speaking slightly slower than normal speech gives clarity and authority. Use pauses to let the listener absorb information.
Microphone technique: Maintain a consistent distance (about 6–8 inches) and speak across the mic, not directly into it, to reduce plosive pops.

中文：呼吸控制（腹式呼吸）、音高与语调变化、清晰发音、语速、麦克风技巧。

Record multiple takes and listen critically. Check for background noise, volume consistency, and vocal energy.

多次录制并批判性地聆听。检查背景噪音、音量一致性以及声音的能量感。

6. Active Listening for Media Analysis | 媒体分析中的主动聆听

Active listening is more than just hearing; it is a disciplined process of identifying, interpreting, and evaluating sound. To prepare for the unseen analysis question, train your ear with short audio clips from different genres. For each clip, jot down answers to these questions:

主动聆听不仅仅是听见，而是一个识别、诠释和评价声音的有序过程。为准备未接触过的分析题，用不同类型的短音频片段训练你的耳朵。对每个片段，简要回答下列问题：

What sounds are prominent (voice, music, effects)?
How does the clip address the listener (direct address, voice‑over)?
What mood or atmosphere is created, and how?
What is the purpose (inform, persuade, entertain)?
How could this clip be improved?

哪些声音突出（人声、音乐、音效）？
片段如何对听众说话（直接称呼、旁白）？
营造了什么情绪或氛围，如何做到的？
目的是什么（告知、说服、娱乐）？
这个片段可以如何改进？

Repeated practice will sharpen your analytical speed for the exam.

反复练习将加快你在考试中的分析速度。

7. Preparing for the Oral Presentation Component | 准备口头陈述环节

If your coursework includes an oral defence or a presentation on your production, treat it as a media performance. Structure your talk: introduction (what you made and why), main body (research, creative decisions, challenges), and conclusion (evaluation of outcomes). Use the following checklist:

如果你的课程作业包含口头答辩或作品陈述，将其视为一次媒体表演。结构化你的发言：引言（你做了什么以及原因）、主体（研究、创意决策、挑战）、结论（成果评价）。使用以下清单：

Oral Presentation Element	Key Question
Institutional Context	What real‑world media does your product emulate?
Audience Theory	Which audience theories (uses & gratifications, reception) apply?
Technical Choices	How did you use editing, sound, mise‑en‑scène?
Critical Reflection	What would you do differently and why?

中文要素：机构背景、受众理论、技术选择、批判反思。

Record yourself presenting and refine any long pauses or filler words (‘um’, ‘like’). Aim for a confident, conversational tone rather than reading a script verbatim.

录下自己的陈述并减少长停顿或填充词（“嗯”、“那个”）。力求自信且对话式的语气，而不是逐字念稿。

8. Exam Strategies for Audio‑Based Questions | 音频类题目的考试策略

During the exam, you will hear an extract multiple times. Use the first listening to grasp the overall meaning and jot down initial impressions. During the second listening, take structured notes under the headings: Genre/Form, Audience, Narrative, Representation, and Technical Codes (sound, editing). The third listening is for filling gaps and confirming details.

考试时，你会多次听到一个片段。第一遍听时，把握整体意思并记下初步印象。第二遍听时，在标题下做结构化笔记：类型/形式、受众、叙事、表征和技术符码（声音、剪辑）。第三遍听时填补空缺并确认细节。

In your written response, use the P.E.E. structure: Point–Evidence–Explanation. For example: “The voice‑over uses a warm, colloquial tone (Point), as heard when the narrator says ‘Hey there, chill out’ (Evidence), which creates an informal mode of address that appeals to a youth demographic by reducing psychological distance (Explanation).”

在书面回答中使用 P.E.E. 结构：观点–证据–解释。例如：“旁白使用了温暖的口语化语调（观点），正如叙述者说‘嘿，放轻松’时所听（证据），这营造了一种非正式的话语方式，通过缩小心理距离吸引年轻受众（解释）。”

Manage your time strictly. Allocate about 10 minutes per 10‑mark question, and always leave 2 minutes for proofreading.

严格管理时间。每道 10 分题分配大约 10 分钟，并且始终留出 2 分钟检查。

9. Incorporating Sound Theory and Scholars | 融入声音理论与学者观点

To access the highest marks, link your analysis to relevant media theorists. Consider:

要获得最高分，将你的分析与相关的媒体理论家联系起来。可以考虑：

Roland Barthes – the ‘grain of the voice’ and cultural codes communicated through vocal delivery.
David Hendy – noise and radio; the social meaning of ambient sound.
Stuart Hall – encoding/decoding: how a listener’s social position affects interpretation of voice.
Walter Ong – secondary orality: how electronic media mimic oral cultures.

罗兰·巴特——“声音的纹理”及通过声音表达传递的文化符码。大卫·亨迪——噪音与广播；环境声的社会意义。斯图亚特·霍尔——编码/解码：听者的社会位置如何影响对声音的解读。沃尔特·翁——次生口语文化：电子媒体如何模拟口头文化。

Don’t just name‑drop; explain how the theory illuminates the specific extract. For instance, “Barthes’ concept of the grain of the voice is evident in the presenter’s breathy laughter, which connotes authenticity and intimacy.”

不要只是提到名字；解释理论如何阐明具体片段。例如：“巴特的声音纹理概念体现在主持人带呼吸声的笑声中，这暗示了真实性和亲密感。”

10. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误及如何避免

Mistake 1: Describing sound in vague terms (‘the music is happy’). Instead, identify the musical elements: major key, fast tempo, pizzicato strings, and link to effect.

Mistake 2: Ignoring silence. Silence is a powerful tool that can build tension or mark a transition. Comment on it.

Mistake 3: Forgetting audience positioning. Always ask: who is the implied listener? What reaction is being encouraged?

Mistake 4: Weak terminology. Replace ‘talking’ with ‘dialogue’, ‘voice‑over’, ‘monologue’, or ‘direct address’ as appropriate.

Mistake 5: Not contextualising the audio work within its institutional and regulatory framework (e.g. Ofcom, BBC Charter).

错误 1：用模糊的词语描述声音（“音乐很快乐”）。改为识别音乐元素：大调、快节奏、拨弦，并联系效果。
错误 2：忽视静默。静默是构建悬念或标志过渡的有力工具，要加以评论。
错误 3：忘记受众定位。始终追问：隐含的听众是谁？被鼓励产生什么反应？
错误 4：术语薄弱。适当用“对话”、“旁白”、“独白”或“直接称呼”替换“说话”。
错误 5：未能将音频作品置于机构和监管框架内（如 Ofcom、BBC 宪章）。

11. Building a Personal Revision Schedule | 建立个人复习计划

Allocate regular short sessions to listening practice. For example, 15 minutes a day, alternating between radio news, podcast drama, and advertising. Keep a listening log: date, source, key observations, and theoretical links. After two weeks, you will have a rich bank of examples to draw upon in the exam.

安排规律的短时间听力练习。例如，每天 15 分钟，交替收听广播新闻、播客戏剧和广告。保持听力日志：日期、来源、关键观察和理论联系。两周后，你将拥有一个丰富的例子库，可在考试中调用。

Pair up with a study buddy and present your coursework ideas to each other, offering constructive feedback on clarity, terminology, and delivery. Peer review sharpens both your speaking and listening.

与学习伙伴结对，彼此陈述课程作业创意，就清晰度、术语和表达提供建设性反馈。同伴互评能同时磨练你的口语与听力。

12. Final Tips for Exam Day | 考试当日的终极提示

Arrive early and ensure your listening equipment (headphones if provided) is working. Before the audio begins, read the question paper carefully to know what to focus on. Underline keywords in the question like ‘conventions’, ‘audience appeal’, or ‘sound codes’. Stay calm if you miss a word—use context to infer meaning. Remember that your own knowledge of media language is just as important as what you hear.

提前到场，确保听力设备（如提供耳机）工作正常。在音频开始前，认真阅读试卷，明确要关注的重点。在问题中划出关键词，如“惯例”、“受众吸引力”或“声音符码”。如果漏听一个词，保持冷静——利用上下文推断含义。记住，你自己的媒体语言知识与所听到的内容同样重要。

Finally, trust the preparation you have done. Speaking and listening in Media Studies are skills that improve with mindful practice. Use every audio encounter as an opportunity to learn.

最后，相信你所做的准备。媒体研究中的口语与听力是通过有意识地练习而提高的技能。把每次音频接触都当作学习的机会。

Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）

Mastering Speaking and Listening for CIE Media Studies | CIE 媒体研究口语与听力备考指南