📚 Year 12 Cambridge Science: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | 剑桥12年级科学：公式定理速查手册
This quick reference handbook summarises the essential formulas, equations and theorems across Physics, Chemistry and Biology for Year 12 Cambridge Science students. It is designed for rapid revision and handy reference during both learning and exam preparation.
本速查手册汇总了剑桥12年级科学课程中物理、化学和生物的核心公式、方程和定理，旨在帮助您快速复习和便捷查阅，无论是日常学习还是备考冲刺都用得上。
1. Kinematics Equations | 运动学公式
The four kinematic equations for uniform acceleration are: v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² = u² + 2as, and s = (u+v)t/2, where u is initial velocity, v is final velocity, a is acceleration, t is time, and s is displacement.
匀加速运动的四个运动学方程为：v = u + at、s = ut + ½at²、v² = u² + 2as 以及 s = (u+v)t/2，其中 u 为初速度，v 为末速度，a 为加速度，t 为时间，s 为位移。
For free fall near the Earth’s surface, acceleration a = g = 9.81 m s⁻², directed downwards.
在地球表面附近的自由落体中，加速度 a = g = 9.81 m s⁻²，方向向下。
2. Newton’s Laws & Momentum | 牛顿定律与动量
Newton’s second law: F = ma, where F is the net force, m the mass, and a the acceleration.
牛顿第二定律：F = ma，其中 F 为合力，m 为质量，a 为加速度。
Linear momentum: p = mv. Impulse equals the change in momentum: Δp = FΔt.
线动量：p = mv。冲量等于动量的变化量：Δp = FΔt。
In a closed system with no external forces, total momentum before a collision equals total momentum after the collision.
在没有外力的封闭系统中，碰撞前的总动量等于碰撞后的总动量。
3. Work, Energy & Power | 功、能与功率
Work done by a constant force at an angle θ to the displacement: W = Fs cosθ.
恒力与位移夹角为 θ 时所做的功：W = Fs cosθ。
Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv². Gravitational potential energy near the surface: GPE = mgh.
动能：KE = ½mv²。近地表重力势能：GPE = mgh。
Power is the rate of doing work: P = W/t. For a constant force and velocity in the same direction, P = Fv.
功率是做功的速率：P = W/t。当恒力与速度同向时，P = Fv。
4. Wave Properties & Optics | 波的性质与光学
Wave speed: v = fλ, where f is frequency and λ (lambda) is
Published by TutorHao | Year 12 Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导