Comprehensive Guide to AS CIE Philosophy Syllabus | AS CIE 哲学课程大纲全面解析

📚 Comprehensive Guide to AS CIE Philosophy Syllabus | AS CIE 哲学课程大纲全面解析

Philosophy at AS Level under the Cambridge (CIE) board offers students a profound journey into the fundamental questions of existence, knowledge, ethics, and reality. The syllabus 9696 is designed to develop critical thinking, analytical writing, and the ability to construct and evaluate arguments. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the course structure, assessment methods, core themes, and effective strategies to excel in your exams.

在剑桥（CIE）考试局的AS阶段，哲学课程带领学生深入探索存在、知识、伦理与实在的根本问题。9696大纲旨在培养批判性思维、分析性写作以及构建与评估论证的能力。本全面指南将为你详细解析课程结构、评估方式、核心主题以及取得优异成绩的有效策略。

1. Course Overview | 课程概览

The AS CIE Philosophy course (9696) is a one-year programme that introduces students to the methods of philosophical inquiry. It is divided into two examination papers: Paper 1 – Introduction to Philosophy, and Paper 2 – Philosophical Themes. Students are required to study two topics for Paper 1 (from a choice of five) and two topics for Paper 2 (from a choice of four). This structure ensures a broad yet focused engagement with key philosophical debates.

AS CIE 哲学课程（9696）是一个为期一年的项目，向学生介绍哲学探究的方法。它分为两份考试试卷：试卷一——哲学导论，试卷二——哲学主题。学生需为试卷一学习两个选题（从五个中选），为试卷二学习两个选题（从四个中选）。这一结构确保学生既能广泛接触又能深入聚焦关键哲学辩论。

2. Assessment Structure and Objectives | 评估结构与目标

Both papers are assessed through written examinations, each lasting 1 hour 30 minutes and carrying 60 marks. They are equally weighted at 50% of the AS qualification. The assessment objectives (AOs) focus on knowledge and understanding (AO1) and analysis and evaluation (AO2). AO1 requires students to demonstrate accurate knowledge of philosophical concepts, theories, and arguments. AO2 requires them to critically engage with these ideas, evaluating strengths, weaknesses, and implications.

两份试卷均通过书面考试进行评估，时长均为1小时30分钟，各占60分，并各占AS资格的50%权重。评估目标（AOs）聚焦于知识与理解（AO1）以及分析与评价（AO2）。AO1要求学生准确展示对哲学概念、理论与论证的知识。AO2要求他们批判性地审视这些思想，评价其优缺点和影响。

The exam questions are divided into Part (a) and Part (b). Part (a) typically tests AO1, requiring clear exposition of a concept or argument. Part (b) tests AO2, demanding critical evaluation, comparison, and a reasoned conclusion.

考试题目分为（a）和（b）两部分。（a）部分通常考察AO1，要求清晰阐释一个概念或论证。（b）部分考察AO2，需要进行批判性评价、比较并得出有理有据的结论。

3. Paper 1: Introduction to Philosophy – Five Core Topics | 试卷一：哲学导论——五个核心主题

Paper 1 offers five distinct topics, of which you must study two. The exam provides one question per topic, each containing part (a) and (b). You choose and answer the two questions corresponding to the topics you have prepared.

试卷一提供五个不同的主题，你必须学习其中两个。考试会为每个主题设一题，每题含（a）和（b）部分。你选择并回答与你准备的主题对应的两道题。

Topic 1: What is Knowledge? This theme examines the nature of knowledge, focusing on the tripartite definition (justified true belief) and the Gettier problems that challenge it. It also explores alternative theories such as reliabilism, virtue epistemology, and the distinction between propositional knowledge, acquaintance knowledge, and practical knowledge.

主题一：什么是知识？ 本主题探讨知识的本质，聚焦于传统三要素定义（经过辩护的真信念）以及挑战它的葛梯尔问题。还探索了替代性理论，如可靠主义、德性知识论，以及命题知识、亲知知识和实践知识的区别。

Topic 2: What is the Self? This topic delves into questions of personal identity over time. Theories include the soul theory, psychological continuity (Locke), animalism, and the bundle theory (Hume). Students evaluate thought experiments like the teletransporter and split-brain cases to assess the persistence of the self.

主题二：什么是自我？ 本主题深入探讨历时人格同一性问题。理论包括灵魂理论、心理连续性（洛克）、动物主义以及束理论（休谟）。学生通过远距传输器和分裂脑等思想实验来评价自我的持存。

Topic 3: Do We Have Free Will? The free will debate contrasts determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Key concepts include moral responsibility, the consequence argument, and Frankfurt-style cases. Students assess whether free will is compatible with causal determinism.

主题三：我们有自由意志吗？ 自由意志的辩论对比了决定论、自由意志主义和相容论。关键概念包括道德责任、后果论证和法兰克福式案例。学生评估自由意志是否与因果决定论相容。

Topic 4: What is the Mind? This theme investigates the mind-body problem. Dualist theories (substance dualism, property dualism) are compared with physicalist theories (identity theory, functionalism, eliminative materialism). Arguments such as the ‘philosophical zombie’ thought experiment and the knowledge argument (Mary’s room) are central.

主题四：什么是心灵？ 本主题探讨心身问题。二元论理论（实体二元论、属性二元论）与物理主义理论（同一论、功能主义、取消式唯物论）进行比较。诸如“哲学僵尸”思想实验和知识论证（玛丽的房间）等论证是核心。

Topic 5: What is God? This topic covers the concept and attributes of God (omniscience, omnipotence, omnibenevolence) and examines classical arguments for God’s existence: ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments. The problem of evil and responses such as the free will defence are also evaluated.

主题五：什么是上帝？ 本主题涵盖上帝的概念与属性（全知、全能、全善），并考察关于上帝存在的经典论证：本体论论证、宇宙论论证和目的论论证。也评价了恶的问题以及自由意志辩护等回应。

4. Paper 2: Philosophical Themes – Four Option Areas | 试卷二：哲学主题——四个选修领域

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