📚 GCSE OCR Geography: Glossary & Key Terminology Quick-Memorisation Guide | GCSE OCR 地理：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering geographical terminology is essential for success in GCSE OCR Geography. This guide provides clear definitions of key terms across the specification, helping you build confidence for exams and fieldwork questions.
掌握地理术语对 GCSE OCR 地理考试至关重要。本指南提供了教学大纲中关键术语的清晰定义，帮助你在考试和实地考察问题中建立信心。
1. Rivers and Fluvial Processes | 河流与流水作用
Hydraulic action: The force of water against river banks and bed, compressing air into cracks and breaking rock apart.
水力作用：水流冲击河岸与河床的力量，将空气压入裂缝并使岩石崩解。
Abrasion: The wearing away of the river bed and banks by the load of sand, pebbles and boulders rubbing against them.
磨蚀：河床和河岸被沙、卵石和巨砾等搬运物质摩擦而磨损。
Attrition: Rocks and pebbles carried by the river knock together, becoming smaller, smoother and rounder.
磨圆：河流搬运的岩石和卵石相互碰撞，变得尺寸更小、表面更平滑、形状更圆。
Solution (corrosion): The chemical dissolving of soluble minerals in rocks by slightly acidic river water.
溶蚀（腐蚀）：微酸性河水化学溶解岩石中的可溶矿物。
Traction: The rolling of large, heavy rocks and boulders along the river bed.
推移：大而重的岩石和巨砾沿河床滚动。
Saltation: Small pebbles and stones bouncing along the river bed.
跃移：小卵石和石块沿河床跳跃式搬运。
Suspension: Fine, light particles such as silt and clay carried within the flow of the water.
悬移：细小的轻颗粒如泥沙和黏土在水流中悬浮搬运。
Deposition: When a river drops the material it has been carrying because of reduced energy, often when the velocity decreases or water shallows.
沉积：当河流能量减弱，流速降低或水变浅时，沉积所携带的物质。
2. Coastal Landscapes | 海岸景观
Swash: The movement of water up the beach after a wave breaks.
冲流：波浪破碎后水沿海滩上涌的运动。
Backwash: The movement of water back down the beach, returning to the sea.
回流：水沿海滩向下的运动，返回海中。
Constructive wave: A low-energy wave with a strong swash and weak backwash, depositing material and building up the beach.
建设性波浪：一种低能波浪，冲流强，回流弱，沉积物质并堆积海滩。
Destructive wave: A high-energy wave with a weak swash and strong backwash, eroding the beach and removing material.
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